Coastal flood hazard mapping (CoFHaM) is a tool used to determine flood zone limits inland and in other areas exposed to coastal floods due to different hazards such as storm, surge waves, sea level rise caused by climate change, inland storm surge, heavy rainfall, among others. Its areas are identified through maps made by one or more researchers using the Geographic Information System (GIS) software. Generally, its maps display particular levels of flood hazards and risks, with different parameters defined as low, medium, and high. Keywords Coastal flood hazard mapping; Coastal flood hazard plotting; Coastal inundation threat plotting; Flood hazard analysis by mapping; Mapping and floodplain boundaries; Mapping of coastal floods.
Although public participation (PP) has influenced some integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) programs around the world, researchers have rarely analyzed this component specifically inside an ICZM cycle. Furthermore, the approach for integrating environmental energy planning tools within the ICZM Programs for the Small Island Developing States (SIDS) has presented an ongoing challenge for specialists involved in management issues. In Cuba, plans for coastal development are supported by land use planning activities and environmental planning tools. However, the functions and outputs of those tools are "non-obvious", precluding sufficient integration among them. As these aforementioned actions have not been systematically carried out in the Cuban territory, and the systems of inter-institutional relationships with local communities have presented some insufficiencies, the national marine-terrestrial interphase has suffered some negative environmental impacts impossible to be solved by the national authorities. Designing a new methodology that incorporates PP and environmental energy planning tools in the stages of an ICZM program is the objective of this article. The methodology was named MePuPa and has improved current tools for land use planning and ICZM in Cuba. Previously selected "Local Indicators of Environmental Sustainability", applied in two geo-systemic units in the southeastern region of Cuba, were used to demonstrate the methodology. The qualitative and qualitative methods in the proposed MePuPa were also applied. Finally, the MePuPa methodology was tested for four of its five stages. Six advantages and five learned lessons were identified during the Preparation to Proposal stages. MePuPa resulted in a useful local management tool for environmental energy planning, ICZM, economic and agricultural activities, strategic ecosystems recovery, as well as improvements to the governance and decision-making processes in one SIDS.
Different legal frameworks and concepts have been used to establish coastal zone boundaries. Integrated Coastal Zone Management use some criteria, while Land-Use Planning use a different criteria. A critical analysis about this topic is done in the present study, with the aim of proposing a novel method for delimitation and demarcation of coastal zone boundaries. The method offers an integrated perspective regarding the river basin, the coastal zone, and their corresponding economic zones. Moreover, it is comprised of dependent and independent variables, representing useful decision-making tools for applying Integrated Coastal Zone Management and Land-Use Planning initiatives. The concepts of Primary Environmental Coastal Units for Integrated Management (PECUIM) and Basic Environmental Coastal Units for Integrated Management and Land-Use Planning (BECUIMLUP) were proposed and applied in Cuba, where twenty-three PECUIM and four BECUIMLUP were demarcated and delimitated. At the end of this paper, the importance of integrated criteria for coastal zone boundaries is concluded and demonstrated.
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