The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the joint of the mandibular condyle with the glenoid fossa of the temporal bone and is the only joint in the head that is responsible for opening and closing movements of the jaw. Cliking is the most frequent symptom indicating temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Several radiographic techniques are used to establish the diagnosis in the examination of the temporomandibular joint. This research was carried out using closed mouth TMJ radiography. The purpose of this study was to determine the height and width of the mandibular condyle and the form of eminence with and without clicking using TMJ radiographs. This research is a descriptive analytic study. The results showed that the average height of the mandibular condyle with clicking was 18,796 mm and without clicking was 22,812 mm. The average width of the mandibular condyle with cliking is 11673mm and without cliking is 11,181mm. The average form of articular eminence with clicking is 36.754 ° and without cliking is 41.081 °. The conclusion of the study was that using the Independent t test there were significant differences in the height of the mandibular condyle and the shape of the articular eminence but there was no significant difference in the width of the mandibular condyle with and without clicking using TMJ radiographs.
Panoramic radiographs can be used to detect temporomandibular morphology and condylar changes. This study shape-determines the female condyle in perimenopausal and postmenopausal using panoramic radiography. It used an observational survey technique with a sample of 80 people, consisting of 40 perimenopausal aged between 20 and 29, and 40 postmenopausal females aged over 52. The results on the perimenopausal condyle process obtained a round shape of 43.7%, an angle of 32.5%, and a pointed shape of 23.7%. Furthermore, the shape of the condylar process in postmenopause is 37.5% pointed, 30% angled, 25% round, and 7.5% flat. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test with a significance value of p<0.05. The results showed that changes in the size and shape of the condyles occur with age. There is a significant difference in the condyle shape between perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods.
Down syndrome often causes several dental anomalies, such as hypodontia, taurodontia and microdontia. This research aims to determine the prevalence of some dental anomalies in Down syndrome individuals using panoramic radiographs of students in Pembina disable school Medan. As many as 12 subjects with Down syndrome or 299 teeth identified by panoramic radiograph were used in this research. This was a descriptive research with cross sectional design. Sampling was selected by total sampling method. The radiographs were examined to determine the prevalence of hypodontia, taurodontia and microdontia, which were then calculated by descriptive test. Results showed 61 cases of taurodontia, 54 cases of microdontia and 3 cases of hypodontia. In conclusion, the prevalence of dental anomalies in individuals with Down syndrome using panoramic radiography is 20.40 % of taurodontia, 18.06 % of microdontia and 1.00 % of hypodontia.
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