Informed consent as a model of care has evolved as an alternative to the standard model of care recommended by the World Professional Association for Transgender Health's Standards of Care, version 7, which emphasizes the importance of mental health professionals' role in diagnosing gender dysphoria and in assessing the appropriateness and readiness for gender-affirming medical treatments. By contrast, the informed consent model for gender-affirming treatment seeks to acknowledge and better support the patient's right to, and capability for, personal autonomy in choosing care options without the required involvement of a mental health professional. Clinicians' use of the informed consent model would enable them both to attain a richer understanding of transgender and gender-nonconforming patients and to deliver better patient care in general. IntroductionInformed consent is a concept that is familiar to clinicians. On a practical, day-to-day basis, informed consent is often implied rather than explicitly ensured, and whether explicit or implied, informed consent is the ethical and legal basis for most patient care decisions. It requires that clinicians or someone administering treatment, such as a pharmacist, effectively communicate anticipated benefits and potential risks of a treatment, as well as the reasonable alternatives to that treatment. It relies on the patient's capacity for understanding and weighing these options. Integral to the practice of informed consent is the principle of respect for patient autonomy-that is, respect for a person's right of self-determination-and the belief that clinicians will work to facilitate patients' decisions about the course of their own lives and care.

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Transgender and gender-diverse people face multiple barriers to accessing appropriate health care, including denial of service, harassment, and lack of clinician knowledge. This article presents a blueprint for planning and implementing a transgender health program within a primary care practice in order to enhance the capacity of the health care system to meet the medical and mental health needs of this underserved population. The steps described, with emphasis on elements specific to transgender care, include conducting a community needs assessment, gaining commitment from leadership and staff, choosing a service model and treatment protocols, defining staff roles, and creating a welcoming environment.

We report the results of a survey on HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) perceptions, capacity, and barriers at federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) in high-HIV-burden jurisdictions in the United States. Healthcare workers at FQHCs identified multiple barriers to, and strategies for, improving PrEP implementation.