Objective: Anti-Mullerian hormone has been indicated as a novel biomarker for ovarian reserve assessment. This study aimed to determine the comparative advantage of serum levels of AMH, FSH, LH, E2, and LH/FSH ratio among women with varying menstrual cycles and duration of menstruation. Material and Method: A total of 90 subjects, which consisted of sixty subjects and thirty healthy subjects as control, were recruited. Blood samples were collected on day 3 of the menstrual cycle and evaluated for ovarian markers using the ELISA technique. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Results: AMH and LH/FSH levels were lower in women with varying menstrual cycles than in the control group. FSH, LH, and E2 levels were significantly higher in women with varying menstrual cycles and flow duration than in the control group(P<0.05). AMH was negatively correlated with age (r= -0.72), BMI( r= -0.4), FSH(r= - 0.3), LH(r = -0.2) (p<0.05) and E2(r= -0.2, p>0.05). Also age was positively correlated with FSH(r=0.5,p<0.05), E2(r=0.3, p<0.05) and BMI(r=0.4, p<0.05). The level of AMH was not significant with cycle length and days of flow(p>0.05). This implies that AMH can be measured independently of the cycle phase. This show that AMH was lower in women with varying menstrual cycle with an increase in gonadotrophin and E2. The strong negative relationship between age and AMH implies that age is determining factor of ovarian reserve. Conclusion: AMH combined with age and FSH may improve ovarian reserve evaluation, making AMH a better marker
Objective: Drinking water contaminated with toxic metals can be a leading cause of infertility in males. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of some toxic metals and trace elements in drinking water and reproductive hormone levels in males who drink water from these sources in Sabongida-Ora , Edo State, Nigeria. Material and Methods: A total of 90 subjects consisting of 30 subjects who drink borehole water, 30 subjects who drink water from hand-dug well, and 30 subjects who drink table water, aged between 18 and 45 years, were recruited for this study. Serum reproductive hormones were analyzed using ELISA method. Blood lead, cadmium, serum zinc, and copper were analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Results: Blood Cd and Pb levels were significantly higher (P<0.05) in hand-dug, borehole and treated water consumers while serum Zn level was significantly lower P<0.05) in hand-dug well and borehole water consumers than treated table water consumers. The serum Cu level was not significantly different between the groups. The reproductive hormones were significantly lower among hand-dug well and borehole water consumers than treated table water consumers (p<0.05), while PROL(P<0.05) was significantly higher among hand-dug well, borehole water consumers than treated water consumers. Serum PROL correlated positively with Pb (r=0.443; P<0.05) and negatively with serum Zn (r=-0.404; P<0.05) while T correlated positively (r=0.542; P<0.005) with Zn. Similarly, FSH correlated negatively with Pb (r=-0.398; P<0.05) and positively with Zn (r=0.422;P<0.05), while LH correlated inversely with Cd (r=-0.622;P<0.05) and positively with Zn (r=0.745; P<0.05). Expectedly, Cd and Pb were higher while Cu and Zn were lower in hand-dug well water consumers than borehole water consumers. Conclusion: Water consumption from hand-dug wells may have adverse reproductive sequelae among consumers.
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