In this work some important aspects related to the electrocatalytic reduction of pyruvate on copper cathode were investigated in alkaline medium (0.5 mol/L NaOH). In situ IR reflectance spectroscopy (SPAIRS and SNIFTIRS techniques) was used to investigate the adsorbed intermediates and reaction products from the reduction of pyruvate. The results revealed that hydrogenation of the substrate to lactate occurred at the copper surface involving weakly adsorbed species. The identification of the different electroreactive species allowed to postulate a reaction mechanism for the transformation of pyruvate into lactate on copper.Key words: copper, electroreduction, pyruvate, lactate, in situ infrared reflectance spectroscopy, reaction mechanism.
A concise and economically attractive process for the synthesis of a novel tyrosinase inhibitor has been developed and implemented on a multikilogram scale under GMP. A major achievement to the success of the process is the development of a direct coupling between free resorcinol and ketone. First developed under basic conditions, this coupling has been turned to a novel titanium(IV) mediated process allowing good selectivity, easy isolation, and high atom efficiency. Other key steps feature an alkene reduction by palladium catalyzed transfer hydrogenation and a urea formation using N,N′-disuccinimidyl carbonate as the carbonyl source. This route allowed us to produce kilogram batches of the candidate to support preclinical and clinical studies.
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