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) ratio in the target was varied between x ¼ 0Á0 and 0Á4. The composition, the crystal structure, and the optical properties of the resulting layers were analyzed. Small laboratory cells and 10 T 10 cm 2 modules were realized with high reproducibility and enhanced stability. The transmission is improved in the wavelength region between 330 and 550 nm for the ZnS/Zn 1-x Mg x O layers. Therefore, a large gain in the short-circuit current density up to 12% was obtained, which resulted in higher conversion efficiencies up to 9% relative as compared to cells with the CdS/i-ZnO buffer system. Peak efficiencies of 18% with small laboratory cells and 15Á2% with 10 T 10 cm 2 mini-modules were demonstrated.

A copper hydroxynitrate of stoichiometry Cu 2 (OH) 3 NO 3 , analogous to the layered double hydroxide family, was synthesized by the so-called controlled double jet precipitation technique, and by hydrolysis of urea in the presence of copper nitrate. Special attention has been focused on the size, morphology and agglomeration tendency of the particles. The aim of this work is to define the optimum precipitation conditions in terms of quality and dispersability of the recovered product. Such platelet-like particles can be used as anisotropic fillers in nanocomposite materials. Several reaction parameters such as flow and concentration of the reactant solutions, design of the reactor and addition of a growth modifier were studied. r

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In the field of Cu(Ga,In)(S,Se)2 photovoltaic technology, zinc sulphide based buffer layers prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) have already demonstrated their potential to replace CdS. This paper aims on a better understanding of deposition mechanism of the Zn(S,O,OH) buffer layers. First, the influence of deposition parameters is studied from solution chemistry considerations by constructing solubility diagrams of ZnS, ZnO, and Zn(OH)2. Experimental studies are then carried out by the in situ quartz crystal microgravimetry (QCM) technique. A global equation for the growth rate is derived from these experiments. The morphology and composition of Zn(S,O,OH) films are then determined using scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. Electro‐deposited‐CIS/Zn(S,O,OH)/ZnO and co‐evaporated‐CIGS/Zn(S,O,OH)/ZnO cells were prepared with efficiencies similar to that of reference CBD CdS buffer layers. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

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