The activity concentrations of main naturally occurring radionuclides were determined with the aim of assessing the radiation hazards in the Northeastern part of Burkina Faso. Soil samples were taken and analyzed by the gamma-ray spectrometry method. The ranges of specific activity of 238U, 232Th and40K are $$15.25 \pm 2.59 \, \text{Bq} \cdot {\text{kg}^{-1}}$$ 15.25 ± 2.59 Bq · kg - 1 to $$109.57 \pm 3.21 \, \text{Bq} \cdot {\text{kg}^{-1}}$$ 109.57 ± 3.21 Bq · kg - 1 , $$19.56 \pm 1.65 \, \text{Bq} \cdot {\text{kg}^{-1}}$$ 19.56 ± 1.65 Bq · kg - 1 to $$44.88 \pm 2.49 \text{Bq} \cdot {\text{kg}^{-1}}$$ 44.88 ± 2.49 Bq · kg - 1 and $$125.74 \pm 4.40 \, \text{Bq} \cdot {\text{kg}^{-1}}$$ 125.74 ± 4.40 Bq · kg - 1 to $$705.85 \pm 10.79 \, \text{Bq} \cdot {\text{kg}^{-1}}$$ 705.85 ± 10.79 Bq · kg - 1 respectively. Three high background radioactivity areas have been identified for Uranium, Thorium and Potassium on different places in the study area. The radiological hazards indices vary from $$62.87 \, \text{Bq} \cdot {\text{kg}^{-1}}$$ 62.87 Bq · kg - 1 to $$189.47 \, \text{Bq} \cdot {\text{kg}^{-1}}$$ 189.47 Bq · kg - 1 for the Radium equivalent activity ($$Ra_{eq}$$ R a eq ), $$29.5 \, \eta \text{Gy} \cdot {\text{h}^{-1}}$$ 29.5 η Gy · h - 1 to $$86.65 \, \eta \text{Gy} \cdot {\text{h}^{-1}}$$ 86.65 η Gy · h - 1 for the absorbed dose rate ($$D_R$$ D R ), $$0.18 \, \text{mSv} \cdot {\text{y}^{-1}}$$ 0.18 mSv · y - 1 to $$0.53 \, \text{mSv} \cdot {\text{y}^{-1}}$$ 0.53 mSv · y - 1 for the annual effective dose rate (AEDE), 0.21 to 0.81 for the internal hazard index ($$H_{in}$$ H in ), 0.17 to 0.51 for the external hazard index ($$H_{ex}$$ H ex ), $$1.27 \times 10^{-4}$$ 1.27 × 10 - 4 to $$3.73 \times 10^{-4}$$ 3.73 × 10 - 4 for the Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) and $$209.01{\mkern 1mu} \mu \, 0.18{\mkern 1mu} Sv \cdot y^{{ - 1}}$$ 209.01 μ 0.18 S v · y - 1 to $$594.21 \, \mu \text{Sv} \cdot {\text{y}^{-1}}$$ 594.21 μ Sv · y - 1 for the annual gonadal dose equivalent. The average values of indices are well below their permissible limit. However, at Niapsi the obtained values for absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose rate and excess lifetime cancer risk are little above their permissible limit.
Preliminary work on the measurement of natural radioactivity in the uranium anomaly in west-central Burkina Faso has made it possible to determine the horizontal distribution of gamma dose rate in the study area. The values vary between
For the room temperature nuclear detector application, signal created in the detector depends not only to the energy of the incident photon but also to the position of the interaction. This can bring an incomplete charge collection caused by a deep-trapping or a ballistic deficit of charge carrier. Many scientists used to demonstrate their impact on the global efficiency of the charge collection. Here we show this effect, not globally but separately, according to the position where holes and electrons are created. It permits us to see the contribution of each kind of carrier in the signal formation. An analytical model of charge collection is developed firstly to take into account the deep-trapping only. Secondly, this model is improved adding the ballistic deficit effect. The deep-trapping contributes to reduce the efficiency of hole above all on thicker detector. In the other part, ballistic deficit reduce electron efficiency above all near anode in the negatively polarized detector.
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