We used (1) ultracentrifugation followed by RT-PCR and (2) real-time RT-PCR to detect and quantify nodaviruses in seawater in which Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus larvae/fry had been held at rearing facilities. Evaluated against in vitro propagated viruses, the viral concentration corresponded to 1.6 × 10 4 TCID 50 (50% tissue culture infectious dose) ml-1. Evaluated against in vitro transcribed RNA, the concentration was estimated at 2 × 10 7 virus particles ml-1 seawater.
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