Teaching computer architecture (at any level) is not an easy task. To enhance learning, a critical mass of educators has begun using simulator visualizations of different computer architectures. Here we present three representative computer architecture simulators for learning which show that there is a growing consensus for computer simulation as a teaching tool for complex dynamic processes, such as underlying computer operations. Simulators also show the wide spectrum of pedagogical goals for teaching computer organization and architecture. Specifically, the three simulators we describe are (1) EasyCPU for the Intel 80x86 family of CPUs; (2) Little Man Computer for a general von Neumann computer architecture; and (3) RTLSim, a data path simulator for a MIPS-like CPU. An appendix is provided for more detailed descriptions of each simulator.
The EasyCPU visualization environment was developed for teaching computer architecture to novice students of computer science. During the development, the process of choosing the appropriate conceptual model of the computer for the visualization motivated research on the mental models that arise in the students as they learn. These mental models come from attempts by the students to make sense of the conceptual models presented to them by the software tool and their learning materials (textbook and exercises). The research findings support the view that the visualization was critical in enabling the construction of a viable mental model, a process that did not occur from textbook learning alone, because for the majority of students, their mental models were based upon their end-user experience rather than on the theoretical learning.
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