The pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases has not been completely elucidated yet, and only a few specific treatments have been developed so far. In autoimmune diseases mediated by pathogenic autoantibodies, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, the specific detection and analysis of autoreactive B cells is crucial for a better understanding of the physiopathology. Biological characterization of these cells may help to define new therapeutic targets. Very few techniques allowing the precise detection of autoreactive B cells have been described so far. Herein we propose a new flow cytometry technique for specific detection of anti-nucleosome B cells, which secrete autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus, using labeled nucleosomes. We produced different fluorochrome-labeled nucleosomes, characterized them, and finally tested them in flow cytometry. Nucleosomes labeled via the cysteines present in H3 histone specifically bind to autoreactive B cells in the anti-DNA transgenic B6.56R mice model. The present work validates the use of fluorochrome-labeled nucleosomes via cysteines to identify anti-nucleosome B cells and offers new opportunities for the description of autoreactive B cell phenotype.

The preparation of 4‐ and 5‐acyl‐ and aroyl‐2‐substituted aminothiazoles is described. The condensation of thioureas with acyl halides leading to 4,5‐disubstituted‐2‐aminothiazoles and 7‐(4H)benzothiazolones is discussed. A discussion of the isolation of various intermediates and the mechanistic pathway is also included. A number of 2‐anilino or 2‐benzyl‐4‐ or 5‐aroylthiazoles possessed moderate oral antitubercolosis activity (2).

A carbon nanotube-based carrier was developed for the delivery of anti-inflammatory budesonide to intracellular compartments of macrophages.