Résumé Les gazelles constituent un enjeu tant théorique qu’économique. A partir d’un comparatif de cinq PME à forte croissance des régions Rhône-Alpes et PACA, une lecture processuelle des trajectoires d’hyper croissance est proposée. Les trajectoires sont multiples, mais présentent trois points communs : des dirigeants volontaires, indépendants, confiants ; une géographie articulant centre et périphérie ; une structuration fonctionnelle tardive, mais rapide.

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Politiques sociales et familiales n°116-juin 2014 39 Enfance La construction sociale de la qualité dans les services d'accueil collectif du jeune enfant Pluralité de modèles d'organisation et enjeux de gouvernance

classement CNRS section 37, 4International audiencePurpose– Rapid growth constitutes both a theoretical and an economic issue. Thanks toa comparative study of five high growth small and medium sized enterprises located in Rhone-Alpes and Provence (France), the authors propose a processual analysis of high growth trajectories. The purposeof this paper is to identify trajectories and tools implicated in the construction and maintenance ofa high growth trajectory.Design/methodology/approach– The contribution is a comparative, qualitative study of fivemedium size companies in France that have experienced growth of more than 20 percent annually forat least four years. This study is based on 25 semi-directive interviews with company managers.Findings– First, high growth is a result of the psychological state of the company leader. Second,high growth is a manifestation of a secure enterprise geographically based where the companyoriginated. This, however, implies discomfort once high growth occurs when physical expansionobliges moving to unfamiliar locations. Finally, in companies with high growth trajectories, supportfunctions develop relatively late.Originality/value– The results corroborate certain previously presented findings and bring forthnew conclusions particularly concerning the place of the leader, the existence of thresholds and therelative homogeneity of trajectories

In France, as in many other countries, considerable attention has been paid to health and safety at work and more particularly to the psycho-social risks associated with work. A case study carried out among bus drivers in urban environments in five companies belonging to one of the largest French public transport groups reveals that drivers' health and well-being at work has deteriorated even though the machinery and equipment they use have improved and working time has been reduced. Besides the usual risks to which bus drivers are exposed, new forms of work intensification have emerged, linked to budgetary constraints, urban policies, quality control, geolocation, and verbal and physical assaults. These factors influence working conditions and workloads. This raises the question of the resources deployed by the drivers and/or their representatives. Following Hirschman, various forms of exit are identified, although the new protective rights that have been introduced, which can be likened to a form of voice, do not seem strong enough to reduce the psycho-social risks.