La cementación de aparatología ortodóntica sobre la superficie dental es un procedimiento para el cual es necesario el acondicionamiento de superficie; este paso permite la penetración de adhesivo el cual, por lo regular, es una resina compuesta fotopolimerizable que fija dicha aparatología. Esta técnica de cementación, comúnmente utilizada por su gran efectividad, presenta ciertas desventajas entre las que destacan la desmineralización del esmalte como resultado de la actividad del ácido sobre éste. Con el fin de hacer frente a esta desventaja algunos estudios han pretendido encontrar una alternativa viable a esta técnica. Entre éstas destaca, por sus resultados prometedores, el uso de láser Er: YAG en el acondicionamiento de superficie para los procesos de adhesión, ya que diversos autores han encontrado que el patrón de grabado con este equipo es similar al obtenido con ácido ortofosfórico.
SUMMARY Objective: To evaluate the physical and biological properties of different types of flowable resin composites and their bonding ability to dentin, comparing the performance of self-adhesive and bulk-fill materials with a conventional control. Methods and Materials: Four flowable resin composites were tested: two self-adhesive (Y-flow [SA_YF]; and Dyad Flow [SA_DF]); one bulk-fill (Filtek Bulk Fill Flow [BF]); and one conventional composite (Opallis Flow [OF]). The microshear bond strength (μSBS) to dentin (bovine samples) was investigated at 24 hours and 6 months of storage. The materials were also characterized by degree of conversion, cross-link density, water contact angle, color stability, and cell viability (ISO 10993-5/2009) analyses. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and Tukey tests (α=0.05). Results: The μSBS values were higher for control specimens at 24 hours, whereas the resin-dentin bonds were similarly distributed among the groups after aging. Adhesive failure was the most frequent pattern observed at both time intervals. SA_YF was the only material that increased the bond strength over time. Degree of conversion increased in the following order: SA_YF (28.6±1.4%) < BF (49.7±0.8%) < OF (60.0±2.0%) = SA_DF (63.6±2.3%). Cross-link density was similar among all materials. The self-adhesive composites were more hydrophilic than the other types, with BF showing the lowest water contact angle and the greatest color alteration. All resin composites had a biocompatible behavior. Conclusion: Chemical composition appeared to be an influential factor affecting the physicomechanical and biological behavior of the materials tested.
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