Supplementation with cannabidiol (CBD) may expedite recovery when consumed after exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine if supplementation with CBD reduces inflammation and enhances performance following strenuous eccentric exercise in collegiate athletes. Twenty-four well-trained females (age = 21.2 ± 1.8 years, height = 166.4 ± 8 cm, weight = 64.9 ± 9.1 kg) completed 100 repetitions of unilateral eccentric leg extension to induce muscle damage. In this crossover design, participants were randomized to receive 5 mg/kg of CBD in pill form or a placebo 2 h prior to, immediately following, and 10 h following muscle damage. Blood was collected, and performance and fatigue were measured prior to, and 4 h, 24 h, and 48 h following the muscle damage. Approximately 28 days separated treatment administration to control for the menstrual cycle. No significant differences were observed between the treatments for inflammation, muscle damage, or subjective fatigue. Peak torque at 60°/s (p = 0.001) and peak isometric torque (p = 0.02) were significantly lower 24 h following muscle damage, but no difference in performance was observed between treatments at any timepoint. Cannabidiol supplementation was unable to reduce fatigue, limit inflammation, or restore performance in well-trained female athletes.
Background Cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise training are associated with improved cerebral vasoreactivity of the middle cerebral artery (MCAvmean). High‐intensity interval exercise training (HIIT) is an effective time‐efficient alternative to long‐duration lower‐intensity exercise that offers similar vascular benefits. It is currently unclear whether HIIT acutely alters cerebral cerebrovascular function. Purpose This project tested the hypothesis that a single session of HIIT would enhance cerebrovascular reactivity after exercise. Methods Five healthy active (7‐day activity: 9140±3525 steps·day; VO2max: 55±6.3 mLO2·kg·min−1) adults (22.4±1.9y, 175.9±5.1cm, 77.1±5.1kg) completed one session of HIIT exercise comprised of four bouts of four‐minute intervals at 65% watt max (between 85–95% maximal heart rate [HR]) with three‐minute recovery between at 15% watt max (between 50–65% HRmax). Transcranial Doppler MCAvmean assessed hypercapnia induced cerebral vasoreactivity using a three‐minute rebreathing technique in a supine rest position, before and 30‐minutes after the HIIT. Dose‐response curves (non‐linear log‐transformed) examined the sensitivity of cerebral vasoreactivity to increased concentrations of the partial pressure of end‐tidal CO2 (Torr). Parameters derived from the dose‐response curve included half‐maximal effective concentration (EC50), LogEC50, and HillSlope. Systemic hemodynamics including mean arterial pressure (MAP), systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and HR were also measured during the rebreathe test. MCAvmean cerebral vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated by MCAvmean/MAP. Paired t‐tests were used to compare the pre‐ to post‐HIIT changes in parameters. Alpha prior was set at P<0.05. Results The sensitivity of cerebral vasoreactivity improved from pre to post‐HIIT exercise as reflected by lower MCAvmean EC50 (Δ3.0±1.5 Torr, P<0.006) and LogEC50 (Δ0.03±0.02 Log Torr, P<0.008) post‐exercise. MCAvmean HillSlope showed a trend for significance (P<0.06). Systemically, MAP (Δ9.6±7.7 mmHg, P<0.02) and SVR (Δ343.2±242.5 dynes·s1·cm5, P<0.002) were both lower and HR (Δ18±7 b/min, P<0.002) was increased post‐exercise. When accounted for post‐exercise hypotension, MCAvmean CVC EC50 (Δ4.2±2.0 Torr, P<0.007) and LogEC50 (Δ0.04±0.02 Log Torr, P<0.001) were also improved post‐exercise; however, MCAvmean CVC HillSlope was not different (P=0.30) between conditions. Conclusion These preliminary data suggest that a single session of HIIT exercise may improve the sensitivity of cerebral vasoreactivity in young healthy males. This may in part be due to changes in peripheral hemodynamics such as baroreflex mediated alterations in MAP, SVR, and HR post‐exercise. These preliminary findings give insight into an integrative relationship between cerebral and peripheral blood flow during recovery from high‐intensity exercise and the benefits of HIIT on cerebrovascular health.
METHODS: 2,306 hospital patients were evaluated for cardiovascular and cognitive health. Demographic information, anthropometric values, clinical tests, and diagnostic history were collected. Independent variables were heart rate, blood pressure, and diagnosis of hypertension. Dependent variables were depression, dementia, cerebrovascular accidents, and psychiatric disorders. Descriptive statistics characterized the sample. Logistic regressions tested the effect of the cardiovascular predictors on cerebral and psychological outcomes. Significance was set at P<0.05. RESULTS: 23 patients had depression, 115 were diagnosed with dementia, 92 experienced a cerebrovascular accident, and 161 had a psychiatric illness. Patients with hypertension were diagnosed with depression 120% more frequently (P=0.045); 56% of depressed patients were hypertensive. Among patients with depression, there was a 264% increase in the odds of a dementia diagnosis (P=0.006). In patients with dementia, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 13mmHg (9%) higher (P<0.001), pulse pressure was 13 mmHg (23%) higher (P<0.001), and heart rate was 7 bpm (8%) lower (P<0.001). Patients with hypertension were diagnosed with dementia 379% more frequently than normotensive patients (P<0.001). A diagnosis of hypertension also corresponded to 436% higher incidence of cerebrovascular accidents (P<0.001). Controlling for age, there was a 2.2-fold increase in the odds of an adverse event in patients with dementia (P=0.005). However, patients with psychiatric disorders had SBP that was 5 mmHg (4%) lower (P=0.018); similarly, pulse pressure was 5 mmHg (7%) lower (P=0.007). CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the hypothesis that cardiovascular deterioration coincides with increased risk for depression and neurocognitive issues. Aerobic exercise training oriented toward improved cardiovascular health likely reduces adverse events and psychological decline.
PURPOSE:Chronic neuropathic pain(CNP) is clinically frequently accompanied by psychiatric diseases, such as anxiety and depression. It is well established that some forms of physical activity, such as tai chi and yoga, can alleviate both physical and mental pain. This study was to investigate whether low-intensity treadmill exercise improves anxiety-like behaviors induced by neuropathic pain. METHODS: Neuropathic pain was induced by sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI). We have previously verified that mice exhibit obvious anxiety-like behaviors 5 weeks after CCI surgery. The CCI mice were randomly divided into exercise groups and sedentary groups (CCI, CCI+E), and the sham mice as control. One week after CCI surgery, the CCI+E group was subjected to low-intensity aerobic exercise training on a treadmill for 4 weeks. Paw withdrawal frequency (PWF) by Von-Frey filaments (0.4 g) was used to assess mechanical allodynia. The elevated plus-maze test and the open field test were used to monitor anxiety-like behaviors. The experimental protocols were approved by the ethical committee of Zhengzhou University, China. RESULTS: 1. The CCI group had higher PWF to mechanical stimulation (sham: 26.67%±3.33%, CCI:46.67%±3.74%, P<0.01). Significant lower PWF was observed in the CCI+E group (30.00%±4.08%, P <0.05), which indicated that low-intensity exercise improved pain-like behavior. 2. Compared to the sham group, a significant lower percentage of time spent in the open arms was observed in the CCI group (sham: 1.76%±0.51%, CCI: 0.31%±0.20%, P<0.05). The CCI+E group spent a longer time in the open arms (1.73%±0.70, P <0.05). In the open field test, the percent time in central zones of the CCI group was significantly lower compared to the sham group (sham: 4.56%±1.26%, CCI: 2.20%±0.78%, P<0.05). Exercise attenuated the phenomena (CCI+E: 4.44%+0.55%, P <0.05). CONCLUSION: Low-intensity treadmill exercise could alleviate anxiety-like behaviors in mice with chronic neuropathic pain.
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