In Campos Basin, deepwater offshore Brazil, permanent downhole gauges are used to record pressure and temperature. Pressure data are used extensively in well analysis, but temperature data have seen little use. Production data indicate that downhole temperature changes as a function of flowrate, pressure and fraction of fluids. A strong relationship was observed between flowing temperature and gas-oil ratio (GOR), caused by cooling upon expansion. It has also been observed that temperature data can be used to detect scale occurrence, aiding reservoir management. This paper proposes a methodology based on a semi-empirical equation that makes use of downhole temperature data to estimate GOR. The energy balance applied to the wellbore was simplified to generate an equation suitable to use with easily obtainable field data. The resulting equation has two unknown parameters, which are obtained by adjusting the model to field data. The inputs used to calibrate the model are GOR, oil flowrate, watercut and downhole temperature. The use of this methodology to three horizontal wells will be presented. For well C, the mean error obtained while estimating the GOR measured at the tests was 6.6%. In well B, the mean error was 11%. Well A has passed through a wide range of liquid flowrates, and over the 150 production tests that were performed before water breakthrough, the model was able to estimate the GOR with a mean error of 5.4%. However, after water breakthrough it could not reproduce the measured data accurately. In Campos Basin, accurate GOR measures are difficult to obtain, particularly after gas-lift start-up, because gas flowrate measurement is unreliable and test separators are often unavailable. Using this methodology, it is possible to obtain estimates of the GOR, which is desirable for an improved definition of the waterflood strategy and as a refined input for material balance in specific regions of the reservoir.
RESUMO: É comum o manejo de feridas acometendo equinos por médicos veterinários a campo, no entanto ainda há desafios quanto ao diagnóstico e tratamento em casos de lesões cutâneas causadas por corpos estranhos. Relata-se neste caso o diagnóstico e tratamento de ferida cutânea crônica causada por arame liso envolvendo a falange proximal do membro pélvico direito. O exame radiográfico possibilitou o diagnóstico através da visualização do corpo estranho radiopaco envolvendo a falange proximal. A terapia médica com antibiótico de amplo espectro associado à ressecção cirúrgica do corpo estranho foi eficaz. O presente relato salienta a importância de exames complementares como o radiográfico para o diagnóstico de objetos metálicos assim como da necessidade da remoção cirúrgica do corpo estranho para a cicatrização da ferida.Palavras-chave: arame, ferida, equino, radiografia.Proximal phalanx metallic foreign body in pantaneiro horse: Case report SUMMARY: Is common the management of wounds involving horses by veterinarians in the field, however there are challenges in diagnosis and treatment in cases of cutaneous lesions caused by foreign bodies. We report the diagnosis and treatment of chronic skin wounds caused by flat wire involving the proximal phalanx of the right pelvic limb. Radiographic examination allowed the diagnosis by viewing the radiopaque foreign body involving the proximal phalanx. Medical therapy with broadspectrum antibiotic associated with surgical resection of the foreign body was effective. This report highlights the importance of complementary tests such as radiographic to diagnose metallic objects as well as the need for surgical removal of the foreign body for healing the wound.
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