Although the structure and composition of plant communities is known to influence the functioning of ecosystems, there is as yet no agreement as to how these should be described from a functional perspective. We tested the biomass ratio hypothesis, which postulates that ecosystem properties should depend on species traits and on species contribution to the total biomass of the community, in a successional sere following vineyard abandonment in the Mediterranean region of France. Ecosystem-specific net primary productivity, litter decomposition rate, and total soil carbon and nitrogen varied significantly with field age, and correlated with community-aggregated (i.e., weighed according to the relative abundance of species) functional leaf traits. The three easily measurable traits tested, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, and nitrogen concentration, provide a simple means to scale up from organ to ecosystem functioning in complex plant communities. We propose that they be called ''functional markers,'' and be used to assess the impacts of community changes on ecosystem properties induced, in particular, by global change drivers.
Short time scale (~days to year) soil incubation experiments have evidenced that mineralisation rate of soil organic carbon could be increased by higher fresh organic matter (FOM) inputs. This process could affect global soil C stocks but its importance has yet to be assessed at decennial or centennial time-scales. In this study, we analysed soil organic carbon (SOC) data from a 52-years old bare-fallow experiment in Grignon (France) where plots received no organic matter, or only fresh straw or composted straw. Treatments receiving fresh or composted straw showed no significant difference in SOC stocks dynamics over the 52 years, suggesting no long-term impact of priming effect. To go further, we evaluated whether soil organic matter (SOM) mineralisation rates differed between plots with no input and plots with FOM inputs, using simple models of SOC dynamics based on the Hénin-Dupuis formalism. Using a model with three SOC pools, we showed that estimated mineralisation rates were 3–4 times slower for the plots with no input, suggesting an important role of priming effect. However, a 4-pools model with first order kinetics could satisfactorily fit all the data using a same set of parameters. Our results did not assess the absence of priming effect on SOC stocks dynamics at decennial timescale, but suggest that priming effect is not necessarily a relevant process to explain long-term SOC dynamics. It would be worthwhile to test our modelling approach on other long-term datasets, in particular from more nitrogen-limited experiments and using other data giving complementary information on mineralisation rates, such as 14C. (Résumé d'auteur
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