Condensed suspension of live microalga cells, for example, Chlorella vulgaris, Nannochloropsis oculata and Tetraselmis tetrathele is often utilized as diets for mass production of live food resources, that is, rotifers, copepods, cladocerans and Artemia. These live food resources are essential for fish larviculture in hatcheries. However, the production of sufficient microalgae is costly, laborious and fragile, and thus require costeffective and stable production technologies, especially for the emerging countries.Studies have shown that locally available biowastes such as fish wastes and chicken manure provide substrates for generating billions of heterotrophic bacterial cells and microparticles as well as growth hormones, which can be used in propagating live food resources. The fish wastes contain essential nutrients that are important for the growth of both live foods and fish larvae. With single feeding of fish wastes, the culture condition of live foods may become unstable, and thus bacterial isolates and selected probiotics, for example, genus Pseudomonas, Moraxella and Micrococcus are needed to stabilize the culture conditions to increase reproduction capacity of the cultured live foods. This article consolidates the results and conclusions of our recent studies on the culture of live food resources, that is, Proales similis de Beauchamp, Brachionus rotundiformis Tschugunoff, Tigriopus japonicus Mori and Diaphanosoma celebensis Stingelin, using waste-generated bacteria from fish waste diet (FWD) and selected probiotics.The non-algal materials reviewed in this article are important to ensure constant supply of cheap live foods to improve aquaculture, especially in the developing countries, which lack sophisticated technology for production of high-density microalgae. K E Y W O R D Sbacterial biomass, chicken manure extract (CME), fish waste diet (FWD), live food, microalgae, single cell proteins (SCP)This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

No abstract

No abstract

There is still unexplored reservoir of microorganisms from sediments and water within Lakes Olbolosat and Oloiden using culture dependent technique. The current study compares bacterial diversity within Lake Olbolosat a freshwater lake and Lake Oloiden a saline alkaline lake. Out of 60 isolates obtained from sediments and water samples, 35 were from Lake Olbolosat and 25 from Lake Oloiden. Microbial count ranged between 0-1.75× 10 5 cfu/ml from both lakes. There was a significant difference between bacterial density and sampling points (p<0.001, F=6.667), 58 were Gram-positive and 2 Gram-negative. Fifty-five isolates that were rod-shaped, 3 were cocci and 2 filamentous. There was excellent growth of isolates at an optimum growth pH range of 6-10, a temperature range of 25-30°C and a salinity range of 0-5%. There was significant difference at p<0.001 for bacterial growth within physiological parameters. The isolates utilized skimmed milk, starch, olive oil, cellulose powder and xylan, hence the production of extracellular enzymes. There was antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans by bacterial isolates. BLAST analysis of partial sequences showed there were 4 different phyla. Firmicutes scored 77% closely affiliated with 20 strains, Actinobacteria scored 15% closely affiliated with 4 strains, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes scored 4% affiliated with 1 strain each. Novel bacteria from this study could provide insights into their diversity and biotechnological applications.