Urinary tract infections (UTIs) account for one of the major reasons for most hospital visits and the determination of the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of uropathogens will help to guide physicians on the best choice of antibiotics to recommend to affected patients. This study is designed to isolate, characterize, and determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the pathogens associated with UTI in Anambra State Teaching Hospital, Amaku, Anambra State, Nigeria. Clean catch urine samples of inpatient and outpatient cases of UTI were collected and bacteriologically analyzed using standard microbiological procedures. Antibiogram was done by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The most prevalent isolates were S. aureus (28%), E. coli (24.6%), and S. saprophyticus (20%). The antibacterial activities of the tested agents were in the order of Augmentin < Ceftazidime < Cefuroxime < Cefixime < Gentamicin < Ofloxacin < Ciprofloxacin < Nitrofurantoin. It was found that all the organisms were susceptible in varying degrees to Nitrofurantoin, Ciprofloxacin, and Ofloxacin. It was also observed that all the bacterial species except Streptococcus spp. have a Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index (MARI) greater than 0.2. For empiric treatment of UTIs in Awka locality, Nitrofurantoin, Ciprofloxacin, and Ofloxacin are the first line of choice.

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<p>This work assesses the stability and quality of Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride tablets after subjection to accelerated stability conditions of sunlight, temperature of 40±1⁰C, 75% relative humidity, and UV light of 365 nm for 4 hours each day. This study was performed at time zero and at 4-day intervals for a period of 45 days (that is, days 0, 4, 8, 12…40, 44) according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) accelerated aging conditions and the results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. The results showed that with increasing time there was a gradual reduction in the dissolution rate with the tablets exposed to all four storage conditions failing the test on day 44 where they had less than 80 % release of the label claim. For content of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride, only those tablets exposed to UV light passed the test for all 44 days as they had a minimum of 96.83 % content on the 44^th day. At day 0, all the tablets assayed passed this test, having a ciprofloxacin content of 99.43 %. For those tablets subjected to the other storage conditions including temperature of 40±1⁰C, 75 % relative humidity and sunlight, they had ciprofloxacin content of 70.22 %, 71.50 %, and 78.36 % respectively. The results further, indicated that the storage conditions used in the study had a greater impact on the dissolution behavior and content of the Ciprofloxacin tablets than they did on the physical stability (hardness, uniformity of weight, disintegration).</p>

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'abattre' meaning "to strike down"(Alonge, 2005). Although an abattoir is principally a place where livestock are slaughtered, its design, construction and ownership vary from state to state (Marriott, 2004; Omoruyi et al., 2011). Livestock products are highly perishable and unless correctly processed, packaged, stored, and distributed are prone to microbial spoilage which poses hazard to health. A combination of factors such as the condition of the animal prior to slaughter, abattoir environment and practices, extent of handling and subsequent storage condition contribute to the potential for microbial contamination (Onuoha et al., 2016). Furthermore, compared to the advanced countries where waste generation, analysis and treatment are considered before constructing abattoirs (Ogbonnaya, 2008), abattoirs are generally less developed in resource limited countries like Nigeria. The use of contaminated water and instruments for washing and cutting, and unhygienic practices like poor handling