18S-5.6S-25S and 5S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sites were located by in situ hybridization to the three main species of the Saccharum genus. For each species and each rDNA family, the position and number of sites in the various cytotypes suggested the presence of one locus and basic chromosome numbers of 10 for Saccharum officinarum and Saccharum robustum and\i 8 forSaccharum spontaneum. The implications of these results for the genetic maps of modern cultivars derived from crosses between the species S. officinarum and S. spontaneum are discussed.Key words: sugarcane, Saccharum, 18S-5.6S-25S rRNA, 5S rRNA, basic chromosome number, in situ hybridization.

Students' inattention is predictive of reading problems and of non-response to effective reading intervention. In this randomized study, 58 first-grade classrooms located in 30 schools were assigned to a control condition or to one of two intervention conditions. In these last two conditions, peer-tutoring activities were conducted to improve classroom reading instruction. In one of the intervention conditions, the Good Behavior Game was also implemented to maximize students' attention during reading lessons. Both interventions were effective: peer-tutoring activities helped students improve their reading skills and attention was generally higher when the Good Behavior Game was implemented. Contrary to expectations however, students identified as inattentive at pretest did not become better readers when the two interventions were implemented.

Students with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD) represent a rapidly growing segment of the population of school-age children with special needs (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). By definition, these students do not meet the criteria for intellectual disability, and they could learn normally in a regular classroom environment. However, acquiring what is perhaps the most important learning skill, reading with comprehension, is a challenge for them (Frith & Snowling, 1983;Snowling & Frith, 1986). Reading with comprehension is critical because students are expected to learn content by reading from textbooks in a variety of subject areas. In fact, succeeding in school is almost impossible for students who do not understand what they read (Chall & Jacobs, 2003).Unfortunately, well-known research-based interventions developed for students with ASD do not address reading comprehension problems. For example, because they primarily target preschoolers, the University of California, Los Angeles, Young Autism model (Lovaas & Smith, 2003) and the Picture Exchange Communication System (Bondy & Frost, 1994) focus on basic verbal communication skills rather than reading skills. Furthermore, although the Treatment and Education of Autistic and Communication Handicapped Children (TEACCH) model has been developed for school-age children, its focus has been on basic reading skills rather than complex cognitive skills (Schopler, Lansing, & Waters, 1983). These basic skills are necessary, but they are not sufficient for comprehension. Reading comprehension involves organizing, integrating, and memorizing the information presented in the text. According to current theoretical models, a student understands a text by elaborating a coherent and reasonably complete mental representation of its content (W. Kintsch & Kintsch, 2005;van den Broek, White, Kendeou, & Carlson, 2009). Elaborating this kind of representation requires the use of cognitively advanced skills.The comprehension problems of students with highfunctioning ASD could be a consequence of their particular cognitive style. The central coherence theory (Frith, 1989;Frith & Happé, 1994) indeed suggests that, in contrast with the majority of their peers, students with ASD do not spontaneously perceive complex stimuli as meaningful, 533998R SEXXX10.

Aim: In the long term, genetic improvement is one of the major strategies to support sustainable wine production in a changing climate. Over the past 5 years, we have developed an interdisciplinary research program that aimed to: i) characterize the impact of temperature increase sensed by the entire plant or individual bunches on the development and functioning of the plant, ii) identify the physiological and molecular mechanisms regulating the response of vegetative and reproductive development to heat stress and iii) develop tools to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of plant and berry development in duly controlled, stable, and contrasting environmental conditions.Methods and results: Performing high-throughput genomic analyses combined with the use of innovative experimental designs (fruiting cuttings, microvines, single berry sampling) was critical to decipher the ecophysiological and molecular mechanisms involved in the vine response to high temperature.Conclusion: Warming promotes vegetative growth and hampers plant carbon balance, disturbing flower set and young berry development. High temperatures modify primary and secondary fruit metabolisms, desynchronizing sugar and organic acid metabolisms and delaying sugar and polyphenol accumulation during ripening. The study of day and night transcriptomic and proteomic signatures associated with heat highlighted key players of the response to temperature in the fruit. Significance and impact of the study: Capitalizing on this knowledge, a new program is being proposed for the selection of cultivars limiting the accumulation of sugars in the berry while maintaining other qualitative compounds.

We examine the effect of the Amnesty Plus policy on firms' incentives to engage in cartel activities. Amnesty Plus is a proactive antitrust enforcement strategy aimed at attracting amnesty applications by encouraging firms already convicted in one market to report collusive agreements in other markets. It has been heavily advertised that Amnesty Plus weakens cartel stability. We show to the contrary that Amnesty Plus does not always have this desirable effect. Only under specific conditions, Amnesty Plus deters a cartel which would have been sustainable under an antitrust policy without Amnesty Plus. Otherwise, Amnesty Plus is either neutral or even stabilizes a cartel. We also show that firms can exploit their multimarket contact to reduce the effectiveness of the Amnesty Plus policy.