There is no disease-specific instrument available for health status assessment in bronchiectasis. We examined the stability, validity and responsiveness of a measure designed for asthma and COPD, the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), in this condition. One hundred and eleven patients were studied on 2 separate d 6 mo apart. On both days each patient completed the SGRQ and measures of general and disease-specific health, mood, and fatigue. They also performed a shuttle walking test and comprehensive lung function tests. Repeatability was tested over 2 wk in 23 patients. The intraclass correlation (ri) for the SGRQ Total score was 0.97. The SGRQ component scores correlated well with relevant markers of disease activity. Examples include: SGRQ Symptoms score versus MRC Wheeze score, r = 0.634, p < 0.0001; Activity score versus shuttle walking test, r = -0.659, p < 0.0001; and impacts score versus physical fatigue, r = 0.610, p < 0.0001. Changes in the SGRQ Total score from entry to follow-up also correlated with changes in other measures of the patients' health. There were significant differences in the SGRQ total score between patients who improved and those who deteriorated over the 6 mo in respect to wheeze (F = 5.6, p < 0.01) and breathlessness (F = 6.05, p < 0.01). We conclude that the SGRQ reflects impaired health in bronchiectasis patients.

Bronchiectatic patients have impaired health-related quality of life (QoL) and are prone to chronic lower respiratory tract infections. We have investigated whether impaired QoL is related to sputum bacteriology.Eighty seven patients with non-cystic fibrosis (non-CF) bronchiectasis, in a stable phase of their illness, completed three QoL measures, underwent a computed tomography (CT) scan and lung function tests, and provided a fresh sputum sample for microscopy and culture.The QoL of patients colonized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa group) was significantly worse than all other patients grouped together (non-Pa group), and specifically those infected by Haemophilus influenzae (Hi group) or who had no bacterial growth (NG group) (p<0.05), but not those infected by other bacterial species (O group). The Pa group had worse lung function, but no significant differences were found between the groups for forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow rate. The Pa group had significantly worse bronchiectasis scores than the O, NG and non-Pa groups, but not the Hi group. There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to the number of infective exacerbations in the last year, but the Pa group had significantly more hospital admissions. Patients infected by P. aeruginosa for more than 3 yrs had significantly worse FEV1 (p<0.03) and bronchiectasis scores (p<0.05) than those infected with P. aeruginosa for less time, but not significantly worse QoL.We conclude that, overall, patients infected with P. aeruginosa have worse quality of life, and that P. aeruginosa is associated with a greater extent of disease and worse lung function. Although patients infected with H. influenzae had extensive bronchiectasis their quality of life was better than the P. aeruginosa infected group.

No abstract

Patients with bronchiectasis have an active local and systemic inflammatory response during infective exacerbations. Systemic markers of inflammation were investigated during a stable phase of their illness, because continued inflammation could affect their general health and be involved in disease progression. The relationship between levels of various systemic markers of inflammation and extent of disease on computed tomographic scan, lung function, sputum bacteriology and health related quality of life (HRQoL) was investigated in 87 noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis patients. Several markers were elevated and correlated with the extent of disease and poor lung function. The total white cell count, neutrophil count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate correlated with both disease measures. Sputum bacteriology did not correlate with inflammation markers and patients with positive and negative cultures were similar. C-reactive protein and total white cell count correlated with some components of a disease-specific HRQoL questionnaire. In conclusion, patients with bronchiectasis in a stable phase have raised systemic markers of inflammation. Some markers, particularly the neutrophil count, correlate with disease severity. This result is in keeping with the hypothesis that the level of inflammation determines disease progression and health status.

Patients with bronchiectasis often complain of abnormal tiredness, difficulty in concentrating or low spirits. This study was carried out to examine levels of anxiety and depression in bronchiectasis and their relationship with other measures of lung health. One hundred and eleven patients with bronchiectasis determined by high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scan were studied using a range of physiological and psychological outcome measures. Patients completed anxiety and depression, health status (quality of life), fatigue and dypnoea questionnaires. Lung function was measured and exercise capacity was assessed using a shuttle walk test. Anxiety and depression scores formed a continuum. Moderate-severe anxiety was more frequent than equivalent levels of depression (17 vs 9% of patients). Anxiety and depression scores were associated with perceived health status (r=0.33 and 0.55). Neither anxiety nor depression was associated with the extent of bronchiectasis on CT scan. Depression was correlated with breathlessness and exercise performance (r=0.33 and 0.40), but anxiety was not. The correlation between depression and exercise performance was not simply due to the influence of somatic items in the depression questionnaire. We conclude that anxiety and depression are quite common in bronchiectasis in that 34% of patients had elevated scores for anxiety depression or both. The non-somatic components of depression were linked to dyspnoea and exercise performance, but anxiety was only related to perceived health. Therefore, treatment aimed at reducing symptoms and improving exercise capacity will not reduce levels of anxiety which need alternative therapy.