La petite massette (Typha minima Hoppe) est sujette à une raréfaction dans toute l'Europe. Dans ce contexte, la connaissance précise de sa niche écologique apparaît cruciale pour conduire à bien des opérations conservatoires (renforcement et réintroduction de populations, restauration de cours d'eau). Cette étude a pour objectif principal d'identifier les conditions écologiques (pédologie, hydrologie et espèces compagnes) favorables au développement de cette espèce. Elle s'appuie sur l'analyse de dix stations naturelles situées le long de trois rivières des Alpes nord-occidentales (Arc, Arve et Giffre). Les résultats de ces observations font état de la présence de la petite massette au sein de deux associations différentes, au cortège végétal composite, associant des espèces rudé-rales, prairiales et alluviales. Ils confirment que l'humidité et la nature carbonatée et sablo-limoneuse du substrat favorisent l'espèce. Ils identifient par ailleurs la mise en place d'une succession végétale différente sur les stations submontagnarde et planitiaire. Enfin, ils suggèrent de reconsidérer le positionnement synsystématique de l'association à petite massette et prêle panachée (EquisetoTyphetum minimae) au sein d'un syntaxon morainique et alluvial, l'Epilobion fleischeri, et de s'appuyer sur certaines espèces compagnes telles Salix triandra ou Calamagrostis pseudophragmites pour identifier des sites adaptés à d'éventuels projets de réintroduction de cette espèce.Mots clés Phytosociologie Á Typhaceae Á Espèce menace Á É cologie alluviale Á Conservation Characteristic species and syntaxonomic position of plant communities with Typha minima in the Alps: a contribution to the choice of restoration sites for a threatened species Abstract Dwarf bulrush (Typha minima Hoppe) is declining throughout Europe. A precise knowledge of its ecological niche is required for successful conservation measures, such as the re-introduction or enhancement of populations and river restoration projects. The aim of this study was to identify ecological conditions (soil types, hydrology, vegetation composition) favourable to the establishment of this species through the analysis of ten natural sites along three rivers in the north-western Alps. Dwarf Bulrush was present in two different plant community types, which both included a mixture of ruderal, alluvial and meadow species. Successional pathways were found to differ between montane and lowland sites. Soils were moist, carbonate-rich and sandy to loamy. Results suggest reconsidering the syntaxonomic position of the association Equiseto-Typhetum minimae and placing it within the morainic and alluvial alliance Epilobion fleischeri. Furthermore, frequent companion species, such as Responsible editor: Sabine Güsewell.Matériel électronique supplémentaire La version en ligne de cet article (doi:10.1007/s00035-010-0078-9) contient du matériel supplémentaire qui est accessible aux utilisateurs autorisés.
In high latitude and alpine environments many plants show an increase in viviparous reproduction in response to harsh environmental conditions. Low or no seed set means that ex situ conservation in the form of seed banking is not a conservation option for such species. We investigated the potential for bulbils to be stored ex situ in seed banks using traditional storage methods (drying and freezing at −20°C) and cryopreservation (drying and freezing at −180°C) as a means of ensuring the long-term conservation of such species. In addition, the impact of drying bulbils to 15% eRH or maintaining initial humidity (60% eRH) was investigated. The study was based on bulbils of the drooping or nodding saxifrage (Saxifraga cernua) collected in Bellalui (commune d'Icogne, Switzerland) at an altitude of 2200 m.a.s.l. Our findings suggest that conservation under traditional seed banking methods or by cryopreservation is a viable option for species producing small (<2 mm) bulbils. This provides new hope for conserving high altitude or latitude plants producing bulbils.
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