The effects of combining video modeling by experts with video feedback were analyzed with 4 female competitive gymnasts (7 to 10 years old) in a multiple baseline design across behaviors. During the intervention, after the gymnast performed a specific gymnastics skill, she viewed a video segment showing an expert gymnast performing the same skill and then viewed a video replay of her own performance of the skill. The results showed that all gymnasts demonstrated improved performance across three gymnastics skills following exposure to the intervention.

This study investigated the extent to which KnowHow2Go (KH2Go), a national college access campaign developed for first‐generation students in the USA, would resonate with youth who had aged out of foster care. Interviews were conducted with 27 youth who were enrolled in a post‐secondary programme following emancipation from foster care. We found KH2Go to have a close fit with the experiences of youth who had been in foster care. Four topics emerged as particularly important for youth in our study: money management, work, parenting and transportation. Finally, the study identified attributes these youth demonstrated that contributed to their resilience during the transition process. This study and the data presented pertain to youth living in the south‐eastern USA.

Recent changes in social policy are having a significant impact on the delivery of human services. At the same time, multiple factors are placing children and their families at increased risk for negative outcomes. In the midst of this turmoil, early childhood special educators must remain committed to a family-focused philosophy that has the potential to improve the quality of life for children with disabilities and their families. This article discusses six principles associated with strength-based approaches to family support: a philosophy based on family strength; a partnership approach to service provision; a family-centered, familydriven agenda; an individualized response to family needs and capacities; a broad-based, comprehensive view of family development; and an assessment of outcomes based on family functioning and the quality of life of family members. Challenges in implementing strength-based, family support approaches for families with multiple risks are discussed and implications for policy and research are presented.Recent changes in social policy are having a significant impact on the delivery of human services. Among these changes are the restructuring of the health and behavioral health-care systems as a result of managed care and Medicaid waiver programs, the decreased role of the federal government in the funding of social service systems, the implementation of welfare reform packages, the call for "leveraging" of funds among service agencies, and the increased emphasis on outcome measures and performance-based budgeting methods. Each of these policies has been developed in an effort to

Sixty rats were trained in a runway with either small-or large-reward magnitude. Both small and large rewards were presented in single-or multiplepellet form. One training trial was given each day for 120 days. Early in training the large-reward animals ran faster than those receiving small reward and the effect was more pronounced in the multiple-pellet condition. Later in training the small-reward animals equaled the performance of the animals receiving large reward and even ran somewhat faster in the run section of the alley. The typical extinction effect of greater persistence for smallreward animals was observed, but only in the goal section.Both Black (1969) and McCain, Dyleski, and McElvain (1971) have published several experiments seriously questioning the long-held assumption that instrumental performance increases in strength with increases in reward magnitude. McCain et al. compared large (one 500-mg. pellet) and small (one 45-mg. pellet) reward in a runway after 24, 54, 60, 70, 78, 90, 116, or 135 training trials. They reported that large reward facilitated running speeds after limited training (24 trials) but that the effect was minimal or nonexistent after extended training (54-135 trials). The typical extinction finding of greater persistence after training with small reward than after large reward was observable somewhat longer. McCain et al. reported extinction differences to be reliable after 24-90 trials but not after 116 or 135 trials.Most of the experiments reviewed by

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