Background: The latissimus dorsi (LD) flap is a reliable option for breast reconstruction. This is particularly true in patients with contraindications to abdominally based autologous breast reconstruction. A systematic review of patient satisfaction and health related quality of life following LD breast reconstruction using the BREAST-Q survey was conducted. The scope of the review was to determine the degree of patient satisfaction following the procedure and to examine how patient satisfaction from the pedicled LD flap compares to other breast reconstructive procedures. Methods: A literature search on BREAST-Q in LD flap reconstruction was performed. Only articles written in English and in published peer-reviewed journals were included. Studies with less than 20 patients in their sample and those with a follow-up period of less than one year were excluded. Results: Five articles representing 331 patients were reviewed, including one case-control study and four retrospective cohort studies. Level of evidence was either III (4) or IV (1). The average age was 53 with average BMI of 25. Most reconstructions were delayed (67%) and unilateral (88%), and most patients required radiation (79%). The average length of follow up was 36 months, and the response rate was 75%. Overall. Patients who underwent LD flap reconstruction reported favorable outcomes in satisfaction domains and quality of life domains with few complications. A meta-analysis also demonstrated higher satisfaction in LD flap without implants compared to LD flap with implants. Conclusion: Patient-reported outcomes following LD breast reconstruction compare favorably with other techniques of breast reconstruction.

What is the optimal management of spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) and is there a risk of esophageal perforation in patients with SPM? We performed a retrospective case-control study of children through age 21, diagnosed with SPM in one hospital system over 10 years with the primary aim of describing the diagnostic workup, treatment patterns, and clinical outcomes. We hypothesized that SPM is a self-limited disease and is not associated with esophageal injury. Cases were identified using International Classification of Disease codes and excluded for trauma or severe infections. Median age was 16 years, 66% were male ( n = 179). Chest radiography was performed in 97%, chest computed tomography (CT) in 33%, and esophagrams in 26%. Follow-up imaging showed resolution in 83% (mean = 17.2 days). SPM was not associated with esophageal perforation. We recommend avoiding CT scans and esophagrams unless there is discrete esophageal concern. Management of SPM should be guided by symptomatology.