Resumo O presente artigo pretende dar um contributo para a atualização do conhecimento sobre a presença da sociologia no ensino superior português -não enquanto área científica principal, mas sim na sua mobilização por outros cursos e áreas de formação. Após o levantamento de informação nos planos curriculares, procurou-se perceber de que forma a disciplina se enquadra no âmbito geral do curso e qual a sua utilidade, pelo que se entrevistaram alguns responsáveis (coordenador / docente da disciplina) em diferentes cursos / instituições. Em suma, o ensino da sociologia nestes contextos, apesar de ser valorizado, enfrenta vários obstáculos.Palavras-chave: sociologia, ensino superior, multidisciplinaridade, ISCED.Abstract The present article seeks to help update what we know about Sociology's place in Portuguese higher education -not as a primary academic field, but rather when mobilised by other courses and areas. After surveying the information in curricular plans, the author looks at how the discipline fits into the general framework of other courses and how useful people find it, with interviews of a number of senior staff (coordinators / teachers) from different courses and institutions. The outcome shows that although Sociology is valued in such contexts, it still faces various obstacles.Keywords: Sociology, higher education, multidisciplinarity, ISCED.Résumé Cet article apporte une contribution à l'actualisation des connaissances sur la présence de la Sociologie dans l'enseignement supérieur portugais -non en tant que discipline scientifique principale, mais dans sa mobilisation par d'autres filières de formation. Après le relevé d'informations dans les programmes d'études, l'article tâche de comprendre de quelle façon cette discipline s'inscrit dans le cadre général de la formation et quelle est son utilité. À cet effet, quelques responsables (directeurs / enseignants de la discipline) de différents établissements / formations ont été interrogés. En somme, bien que l'enseignement de la Sociologie soit valorisé dans ces contextes, il rencontre plusieurs obstacles.Mots-clés: Sociologie, enseignement supérieur, multidisciplinarité, ISCED.
O estudo do processo de obtenção de emprego avançou bastante quando, nos anos de 1970, se destacou a importância das relações pessoais e das redes sociais no mercado de trabalho. Como alternativa ao recurso a meios formais de recrutamento (anúncios e entrevistas formais), ficou então demonstrado que muitos dos empregos obtidos se devem ao uso de ligações pessoais. A contribuição de Mark Granovetter (1973, 1974 foi decisiva a esse respeito. Por um lado, demonstrou que as redes sociais importam mais para o ajustamento entre oferta e procura de trabalho do que os meios formais utilizados pelas organizações. Esse argumento coloca em questão a linearidade com que alguns estudiosos encaram a racionalidade individual e o mercado de trabalho. Por outro, provou que a informação circula melhor quando se recorre a "laços fracos", isto é, no interior de redes pouco densas mas com diversos contatos, como é o caso entre amigos não íntimos e conhecidos. O recurso a "laços fortes", caraterísticos de redes relacionais muito densas -como amigos íntimos e familiares, por exemplo -, conduz a um "fechamento" que não favorece a propagação da informação.Esse tipo de estudo enfatiza os movimentos no interior de mercados de trabalho geograficamente bem-demarcados, de âmbito local ou regional. Isto é, analisa processos de oferta e procura de trabalho que, normalmente, não ultrapassam as fronteiras nacionais. Por excluir os movimentos internacionais de trabalhadores, essa forma de abordagem simplifica a observação do
Neste texto são revistos os padrões de inserção dos migrantes brasileiros no mercado de trabalho em Portugal. É argumentado que as oportunidades laborais disponíveis se encontram, na maior parte dos casos, entre os segmentos menos atrativos do mercado de trabalho e que predominam situações de precariedade laboral. A concentração naqueles segmentos prejudica as possibilidades de integração plena na sociedade portuguesa. Esta evidência decorre da observação de algumas variáveis relacionadas com o emprego (participação económica, condição de atividade, posição na ocupação, profissão, ramo de atividade e situação contratual) e desemprego. São ainda identificadas as características individuais dos migrantes que mais se relacionam com os diferentes padrões de inserção laboral. A principal base empírica utilizada é um inquérito a migrantes brasileiros em Portugal realizado em 2009.
Introduction The purpose of this paper is to present the main conclusions drawn from a literature review on the theme "Medications in Workplace". The interest that led to this literature collection is based on a larger project, currently underway, 1 that focuses on the use of medicines, food supplements and other natural products to improve physical, intellectual and social performance (performance consumption [ 1 ]) in three professional groups. With this presentation we seek to highlight the correlation between aspects of the nature of work and the consumption of these substances, the motives associated with it and the predominance of uses. Materials and methods The proposed presentation is characterised as a theoretical essay, based on a review of the literature on the topic “Medications in Workplace”, performed through an extensive bibliographical search on specialised online platforms with a peer-review policy, following predetermined search terms, that resulted in the collection and analysis of over a dozen of scientific articles, reports from governamental agencies and monographs, on the fields of social sciences and medicine. Such studies were carried out in different countries over an extended period of time (1990-2018) and focussed on professional groups such as nurses, office workers and teachers. Results The main aspects of work associated with substance use are stress, shift work and night time work, mainly because of their impact on the quality of sleep [ 2 ]. The management of fatigue (physical and mental) and of the ability to concentrate in order to improve work performance is carried out, in several cases, through the consumption of certain substances [ 3 ]. These range from caffeine, to medicines (taken with or without a prescription), or even illegal drugs. While the reasons for consumption are quite homogeneous, its frequency varies strongly between studies due to different methodologies and conceptual criteria used. Discussion and conclusions The difficult quantification of consumption does not preclude the conclusion that we are dealing with a socially complex phenomenon when we speak of performance enhancing consumption that shows a change in the conventional use of therapeutic resources beyond the frontiers of health and disease that is important to continue studying, particularly from its social contexts. For instance, to analyse if there are professional groups particularly vulnerable to these auxiliary consumptions and which factors differentiate them.
The recent implementation of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) establishes a set of formal requirements that reinforce personal data protection, namely, those concerning the collection, treatment, and dissemination of data on research participants. With the application of this new legal provision at the European level, new types of restrictions are emerging, whose nature and reach intensify the tension between demands for privacy and scientific freedom in research. In this article, we take as a reference an ongoing research taking place in Portugal, in the field of Sociology of Health, concerning the consumption of medicines by professionals exposed to high-performance pressure. Our main objective is to identify and analyse the implications of regulatory challenges faced in the research process and how the researchers managed and overcame them. We present a critical narrative that sheds light on the nature of the choices taken while also assessing the practical implications for the operationalisation of the research. We conclude by noting that, despite the benefits that may flow from the application of GDPR, the new requirements regarding the protection of personal data may override the ethical principles of scientific research and strengthen regulatory restrictions on conducting research. In the research concerned, the significant practical implications were indirect access to participants, a more time-consuming process in terms of participant adherence and a temporal discrepancy between the different stages of recruitment.
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