Microvascular dysfunction has been suggested to trigger adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity. This study investigates the hypothesis that glycation impairs microvascular architecture and expandability with an impact on insulin signalling. Animal models supplemented with methylglyoxal (MG), maintained with a high-fat diet (HFD) or both (HFDMG) were studied for periepididymal adipose (pEAT) tissue hypoxia and local and systemic insulin resistance. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) was used to quantify blood flow in vivo, showing MG-induced reduction of pEAT blood flow. Increased adipocyte size and leptin secretion were observed only in rats feeding the high-fat diet, without the development of hypoxia. In turn, hypoxia was only observed when MG was combined (HFDMG group), being associated with impaired activation of the insulin receptor (Tyr1163), glucose intolerance and systemic and muscle insulin resistance. Accordingly, the adipose tissue angiogenic assay has shown decreased capillarization after dose-dependent MG exposure and glyoxalase-1 inhibition. Thus, glycation impairs adipose tissue capillarization and blood flow, hampering its expandability during a high-fat diet challenge and leading to hypoxia and insulin resistance. Such events have systemic repercussions in glucose metabolism and may lead to the onset of unhealthy obesity and progression to type 2 diabetes.

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the sealing ability of two calcium silicate-based sealers (TotalFill BC RRM Fast Set Putty and White ProRoot MTA) when used as apical plugs in immature teeth through nuclear medicine. Single-rooted extracted teeth (n = 34) had their crowns and root tip sectioned to obtain 14 mm long root segments to simulate an in vitro apexification model. Were created two experimental groups, namely MTA (n = 12) and BC (n = 12), and two control groups, PG (positive group, n = 5) and NG (negative group, n = 5). On the 4th day after placing the respective apical plug, the apical portions of the teeth were submerged in a solution of sodium pertechnetate (99mTcNaO4) for 3 h. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between the MTA group and the controls (p < 0.05). The BC group had a significant difference regarding the negative control (p < 0.001) but showed no statistical significance regarding the positive control (p = 0.168). There was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.009) between the BC group (7335.8 ± 2755.5) and the MTA group (4059.1 ± 1231.1), where the last showed less infiltration. Within the limitations of this study, White ProRoot MTA had a significantly better sealing ability than TotalFill BC RRM Fast Set Putty.

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