Considering the knowledge gap regarding elasmobranch species landings, this study aimed to report elasmobranch catches from artisanal fisheries to obtain baseline data in this regard. Samplings were carried out from 2016 to 2019 at three artisanal fishing colonies located in Rio de Janeiro, Tamoios, in Cabo Frio, Itaipu, in Niterói, and Copacabana, in the metropolitan rgeion of Rio de Janeiro, A trust relationship was built with the fishers, enabling ample data collection. A total of twenty-two species from twelve families were identified at all sample sites, comprising 10 sharks and 12 rays. Although Tamoios, in Cabo Frio, is home to an upwelling phenomenon, the highest richness concerning oceanic elasmobranchs was observed at Copacabana,, which is a part of Guanabara Bay, reinforcing the significant biodiversity of this bay and the importance of its recovery for elasmobranch management and conservation strategies. In addition, many specimens belonging to different species sampled at this site were juvenile, while three spinner shark females (Carcharinus brevipinna) with mature oocytes were also noted (indicating a possible strategic reproduction and juvenile settlement site for several of the landed species. The presence of many species presenting different vulnerability degrees regarding conservation and endemism, especially for the South Atlantic, reinforces the importance of this type of assessment. In addition, four keystone elasmobranch species previously observed throughout the Southeastern coast of Brazil are reported herein, , further indicating the importance of future assessments concerning elasmobranch fisheries monitoring in Brazil. In addition, artisanal fishing colonies may also act as research collaborators, as they display the potential to enable fishing strategies that allow the population, including researchers, to access a considerable portion of the elasmobranch diversity present throughout the coast of Rio de Janeiro. ResumoConsiderando a lacuna de conhecimento em relação aos desembarques de espécies de elasmobrânquios, este estudo teve como objetivo relatar as capturas de elasmobrânquios através da pesca artesanal para obter dados de base a esse respeito. As amostragens foram realizadas de 2016 a 2019 em três colônias depesca artesanal localizadas no Rio de Janeiro, Tamoios, em Cabo Frio, Itaipu, em Niterói e Copacabana, na região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. Um total de vinte e três espé cies de doze famílias foi identifi cado em todos os locais da amostra, incluindo 10 tubarões e 12 raias. Embora Tamoios, emCabo Frio, sofra os efeitos de um fenômeno de ressurgência, a maior riqueza relativa a elasmobrânquios oceânicas foi observada em Copacabana, que faz parte da Baía de Guanabara, reforçando a biodiversidade signifi cativa dessa baía e a importância de sua recuperação para estratégias de manejo e conservação de elasmobrânquios. Além disso, muitos espécimes pertencentes a diferentes espécies amostradas neste local eram juvenis, como tubarões martelo (Sphyrna lewini), tigre (Galeocerdo cuvier), mako Isurus oxyrinchus), seis fêmeas de cações frango (Rhizoprionodon lalandii) contendo embriões ou oocitos e três fêmeas de tubarão-rotador (Carcharinus brevipinna) com oócitos maduros, indicando um possível local estratégico de reprodução e assentamento juvenil para várias espécies desembarcadas. A presença de muitas espécies apresentando diferentes graus de vulnerabilidade em relação à conservação e endemismo, especialmente para o Atlântico Sul, reforça a importância desse tipo de avaliação. Além disso, quatro de seis espécies-chave de elasmobrânquios, ou seja, espécies que apresentam um impacto extremamente alto em um ecossistema específi co em relação à sua população e críticas para a estrutura e função gerais de um ecossistema, anteriormente observadas na costa sudeste do Brasil, são relatadas aqui, a saber Galeocerdo cuvier, Sphyrna lewini, S. zygaena e Zapteryx brevirostris, indicando ainda a importância de futuras avaliações sobre o monitoramento da pesca de elasmobrânquias no Brasil.Palavras-chave: Biodiversidade; Tubarões e raias; Pesca artesanal.
This paper reports the first record of a morphologically abnormal and highly metal-contaminated Spotback Skate Atlantoraja castelnaui (Ribeiro, 1907) (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Incomplete fusion of the right pectoral fin with the head was observed, while a radiography indicated muscle sheaf discontinuity near the rostrum. Extremely high contamination by several elements, including teratogenic As, Hg and Cd in the individual was detected. The observed morphological deformity may be due to high concentrations of teratogenic elements in the environment, possibly playing a role in abnormal embryonic development in egg cases exposed to high environmental concentrations of these contaminants. Atlantoraja castelnaui is the least biologically understood member of the genus Atlantoraja, and this paper furthers both morphological observations and ecotoxicological assessments on this species.
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