Brazil is considered the 4th largest CT&F Market in the world. In 2017, the country earned R$ 102.5 billion, which means an increase of 3.2% over the year 2016. According to Associação Brasileira da Indústria de Higiene Pessoal, Perfumaria e Cosméticos (ABIHPEC), this information is provided by Strategic Research Institute for Consumer Markets, the Euromonitor. The composition of cosmetics produced should be in accordance with the recommendations presented in ANVISA RDC Resolution No. 83 of June, 2016. Prohibited elements in the RDC Resolution No. 83 are Cl, Ni, As, Be, Cd, Cr, I, P, Pb, Hg, Se, Zr, Co, Te, Tl and radioactive substances. The main purpose of this work was to characterize some nail polishes using EDXRF method. The analyses were made using EDXRF method at the Laboratory of Applied Nuclear Physics of the UTFPR. The AMPTEK portable X-ray equipment is composed of mini X-ray tube, model MINI X, with Ag and Au targets, as well as silicon drift detector, SDD-123 model. Qualitative analyses indicate Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, Na, S, Cl, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Ba and Bi elements in the nail polishes analyzed. Some prohibited elements such as Cl, Ni and P were presents in nail polishes. It is shows that EDXRF method is very efficient in detecting the chemical elements present in these samples. Besides, these results enable to compare elements presents in sample and recommendation stablish in Resolution No. 83.
Usually classified as cosmetic consumer products, makeups usually contain significant quantities of colorants, which may contain toxic and heavy metals, such as Hg, Cd, As, Cr, Tl, and Pb. According the Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA), lipsticks are classified as low health risk, grade 1. However, similar makeups for the children are classified as grade 2, high risk, and within this category there is no cosmetic product for embellishment. Many metals, present in the colorants, can cross the mucous membranes and skin barrier and could be absorbed into the blood system, which can cause systemic damage to internal organs. Many chemical components present in the lipsticks, such as Al, Pb, Cd, Br, Cu, Zr, Cr, Hg, TiO2 in nanoparticulate form, could be considered as potentially toxic. Present work was undertaken in order to study the presence of mentioned above metals in the samples of commercial lipsticks. The metals characterization and elementary identification was performed using EDXRF technique. This method allows to perform the qualitative and quantitative analysis by means of the characteristic X-rays spectra emitted by the elements present in studied samples. The experimental setup was based on mini X-ray tube with Ag target and detector (AMPTEK). The partial results of the study revealed that the lipstick samples revealed the presence of Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn, Br, Rb, which suggest that prolonged and constant use of such cosmetics may constitute a potential threat to the health especially in the case of children.
The main goal of present work is analytical characterization of standard dental implants broadly used by Brazilian dentists. An ideal biological alloy for dental implants must have very high biocompatibility, which means that such material should not provoke any serious adverse tissue response. Dental implants are generally marketed as commercially pure titanium (TiCP) due to their excellent mechanical and physical properties. However, sometimes other alloys are employed and consequently it is essential to study the chemical elements present in those alloys that could bring prejudice for the health. Present work investigated TiCP metal alloys used for dental implant manufacturing and evaluated the presence of elements. For alloy characterization and identification of elements it was used EDXRF technique. This method allows to perform the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the materials using the spectra of the characteristic X-rays emitted by the elements present in the metal samples. The experimental setup was based on two X- ray tubes, Mini X model with Ag and Au targets and X-123SDD detector (AMPTEK) and a 0.5 mm Cu collimator, developed due to specific sample geometrical and topography characteristics. Obtained results showed that implant alloys are not exactly TiCP but were manufactured using Ti-Al-V alloy, which contained Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn. The presence of such metals as Al and V in all studied samples shows very clear that studied implants were not manufactured from TiCP alloy. Moreover, according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), these elements should not be present in TiCP.
Portland cement, the basic ingredient of concrete and is manufactured by crushing, milling and proportioning limestone, sand, clay, iron ore and secondary materials such as shells, chalk or marl combined with shale slate or blast furnace slag, fly ash, gypsum, phosphogypsum, and some others. Evaluating the physical and mineralogical characteristics of the cement and its chemical composition is essential to establish the quality of the product. Therefore, the objective of this work was to characterize and quantify the most common chemical elements in the samples of Brazilian Portland cement, natural gypsum, and phosphogypsum mortars by means of X-ray dispersive energy spectroscopy (EDXRF), as well as to evaluate the strength of these mortars. For analysis of the compressive strength, initially prepared samples were submitted to a destructive mechanical test. Subsequently samples were milled and compacted to form thin tablets, which were submitted to the EDXRF analysis. The qualitative and quantitative analyzes showed that for phosphogypsum mortar the largest mass fractions were found of 49.8±2.5% (Si), 24.66±0.96% (S) and 22.10±0.42% (Ca). For gypsum mortar those values were found of 43.41±0.45% (Ca), 33.8 ± 0.8% (S) and 18.9±1.2% (Si), respectively; and for Portland cement mortar, the predominant elements in those samples have the mass fractions of 64.20±0.52% (Ca) and 27.3±1.5% (Si). The results showed that obtained values of mass fraction of the elements Si, S, K, Ca, Ti, Fe are in rather good agreement with quantities indicated for manufacture. Besides, gypsum and phosphogypsum presented almost the same composition and compressive strength.
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