This chapter is on the ethnobotany of the Shipibo-Konibo (SK) native group of the Ucayali Valley, Peruvian Amazon.It is divided in two parts.The first part presents the Ucayali Valley natural setting, several important concepts of the SK on their vegetal world. Jacques Tournon is the author of this first part. The human and the natural settings are presented. Important SK concepts about the plant world are explained.The second part is based on ethnobotanical qualitative and quantitative investigations in two Shipibo-Konibo communities of the Ucayali. It presents the results of botanical and ethnobotanical inventories of four hectare plots representative of different forest ecosystems present in the SK community lands. This part is the result of a team work from 1991 to 1996, with J.
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