Two rural settled Fulani villages in northeast Nigeria were surveyed for dietary practices and use of edible wild plants (n = 100 adult subjects). Dietary patterns and medical data were obtained for children under 5, pregnant and lactating women and the elderly. A diversified diet was maintained at both geographical locations through hunting, gathering, agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry, food exchanges and cash purchases. Edible wild plants associated with children included fruits of baure (Ficus sycomorus), faru (Lannea schiniperi), giginya (Gardenia aqualla), kokiya (Strychnos spinosa) and nunu (Parinari curatellitolia). Leaves of shiwaka (Veronia colorate) were consumed by lactating women to stimulate breastmilk production. Generally, fruits of baure (Ficus sycomorus) were eaten to counter stomach pain; fruits of kisni (Bridelia ferruginea) were eaten to treat diarrhea; and bark of kuka (Adansonia digitata) was consumed for weight gain. Food storage was more important during wet seasons than dry because of local and regional flooding. Adult Fulani men rode to distant markets on bicycles, while women walked to market and in some instances expended 3200 kcal/day engaging in this activity.
T he emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants with antibody-evading mutations raises concerns about variable levels of protection against infection after prior infection or vaccination (1). The Omicron variant is genetically divergent from previous variants, exacerbating these concerns (1). Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 after previous infection has been demonstrated through a comparison of viral genomes collected from the same person (2). However, without genomic sequencing, reinfection can be difficult to distinguish from prolonged viral shedding. Available evidence suggests an interval of at least 90 days between positive tests is more likely to indicate reinfection than prolonged viral shedding (3).Public health authorities at the Southern Nevada Health District (SNHD) conducted surveillance of suspected reinfections in Clark County, Nevada, USA, to determine whether previously infected persons were protected against reinfection with new variants and to estimate the proportion of COVID-19 cases that occurred among persons with previous SARS-CoV-2 infections. SNHD also compared rates of suspected reinfection between demographic groups to characterize the groups most affected by suspected reinfection in Clark County and determine whether any groups were disproportionately affected. We report findings from surveillance of suspected reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and rates of suspected reinfection among demographic groups in Clark County during March 2020-March 2022.
MethodsHealth care providers, medical facilities, laboratories, and other out-of-state health departments report positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test results for residents of Clark County to SNHD. These results are collected in an electronic disease surveillance system. We calculated intervals between the specimen collection date from each person's initial positive PCR test and subsequent positive PCR tests. We considered a subsequent positive PCR test with specimen collection >90 days after specimen collection of the initial positive PCR test to be a suspected reinfection (3). Repeat positive PCR tests with specimen collection dates <90 days after the specimen collection of an initial positive PCR test were not considered suspected reinfections and were excluded from the analysis.We calculated the proportion of new cases per week that were suspected reinfections by dividing the number of suspected reinfections by all new PCR-identified Rapid Increase in Suspected SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections,
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