The item response theory (IRT), or latent trace theory, is based on a set of mathematical models to complement the qualitative analysis of the items in a given questionnaire. This study analyzes the items of the Spiritual Needs Questionnaire (SpNQ) in the Portuguese version, applied to HIV+ patients, with R Studio 3.4.1, mirt statistical package, to find out if the items of the SpNQ possess appropriate psychometric qualities to discriminate between respondents as to the probability of marking one answer and not another, in the same item, showing whether or not the questionnaire is biased towards a pattern of response desired by the researcher. The parameters of discrimination, difficulty, information, and the characteristic curve of the items are evaluated. The reliable items to measure the constructs of each of the five dimensions of the SpNQ of this HIV+ sample (Religious Needs; Inner Peace and Family Support Needs; Existential Needs; Social Recognition Needs; and Time Domain Needs) are presented, as well as the most likely response categories, depending on the latent trace level of the individuals. The questionnaire items showed satisfactory discrimination and variability of difficulty, confirming the good psychometric quality of SpNQ.Religions 2020, 11, 139 2 of 13 or not there is a specific need within four dimensions (social, emotional, existential, and religious), and how strong it is, using a 4-step scale. It differentiates four main dimensions, i.e., religious needs, existential needs, inner peace needs, and giving/generativity needs (Büssing et al. 2010. The SpNQ was validated into Portuguese (Valente et al. 2018) in a sample of HIV+ patients, presenting internal consistency ranging from 0.51 to 0.83.SpNQ has already been translated and validated in 12 studies. However, the psychometric analyses performed so far were based only on the classical theory of tests (CTT), based on exploratory factor analysis and internal consistency analysis, all conventional quantitative approaches to test the reliability and validity of a scale based on its items (Cappelleri et al. 2014;Sartes and de Souza-Formigoni 2013). Differently, the present study sought to evaluate the SpNQ items from the perspective of IRT, in order to obtain evidence of complementary validity of the characteristics of the items that make up the instrument-in this case, in Portuguese-to answer this main question: Do the items of the SpNQ questionnaire validated in Portuguese possess appropriate psychometric qualities to discriminate between respondents as to the probability of marking one answer and not another, in the same item, showing whether or not the questionnaire is biased towards a pattern of responses desired by the researcher?The SpNQ was validated in different countries and different socio-cultural contexts of its various applications would benefit from the results of this analysis, through the calculation of the guarantee of accuracy and differentiation of the patients' responses.
O presente artigo se configura como um meio para a compreensão imprescindível a respeito de ações e práticas de vida que repercutem diretamente nas questões de qualidade e manutenção da vida e na preservação do meio ambiente e seus recursos. Refletir a respeito de tais questões tem sido uma provocação contínua e um desafio a ser transposto pelas populações e pelos poderes públicos. Assim sendo, nossa pesquisa é um estudo que tem como objetivo refletir sobre a compreensão de uma ética ambiental estabelecida pela convivência do indígena paraibano com a natureza, por meio da ritualística. E a importância desse nosso esforço se estrutura, por ser o rito um fragmento da compreensão primeira da ecologia em território paraibano, por meio dos povos indígenas aqui existentes. Desse modo, consegue-se, a partir de uma abordagem socioantropológica, enxergar o aspecto de preservação ambiental como opus do patrimônio cultural dos povos Tabajara e Potiguara.
preservation. What follow is a brief study that will present a historical panorama and an anthropological look about the preservationist aspect of the natural heritage present in the Paraíba coast, namely in the Tabajara indigenous lands, in the south coast of Paraíba, which has been consolidating itself as a resignification space for a people who daily face the challenges of preserving an ancestral legacy, corroborating environmental preservation.
O questionário SpNQ foi aplicado, em 2018, entre 157 pacientes HIV+ de um hospital público de João Pessoa-PB, e o resultado estatístico das respostas foi analisado com a Teoria Geral do Imaginário, onde o tema da morte foi relevante e diferenciado para esta amostragem, além da distinção entre “religião” e “espiritualidade”. O preconceito social contra a AIDS foi abordado historicamente, mostrando a forte influência do padrão moral cristão nas dimensões em que se agruparam os itens do questionário. É uma pesquisa transdisciplinar cujas contribuições podem auxiliar todos os que lidam, de diversas formas, com a enfermidade.
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis Zopf, 1883 and is estimated to be responsible for about 1.9 million deaths worldwide. In Brazil, every year 70,000 people are infected and 4,500 die. Thus, the objective was to investigate the epidemiological profile of those affected by tuberculosis in Juazeiro do Norte-CE, between 2009 and 2019. This was an epidemiological, retrospective, analytical, documentary, ecological and quantitative study using secondary data from the “Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde” (DATASUS). The variables analyzed were year, sex, age group, ethnicity, education and area of residence. 1,093 cases of tuberculosis were found, with 2019 being the most prevalent. The epidemiological profile of those affected was predominantly men (67.9%), aged 20 to 59 years (69.6%), brown (75.5%), with low education (35.4%) and living in urban area (92.6%). These data can be used for the creation of public policies aimed at serving the population most susceptible to tuberculosis in the city.
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