-The purpose of this study is to describe two infants that were diagnosed with Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS), a rare form of congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD).They were studied in their clinical, laboratory, and neuroradiologic features. The index case had a brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the second patient had a head computerized tomography (CT). In addition, a literature review was performed to describe the main forms of CMD. The index case fulfilled all criteria for WWS. A brain MRI performed at age 4 months served to corroborate the clinical diagnosis, showing severe hydrocephalus, type II lissencephaly, cerebellar vermian aplasia, and a hypoplastic brain stem. The authors were able to establish a retrospective diagnosis of WWS in the index case's older sister, based upon her clinical picture and head CT report.KEY WORDS: child, lissencephaly, hydrocephalus, congenital muscular dystrophy, Walker-Warburg syndrome.
Síndrome de Walker-Warburg: relato de dois casos
RESUMO -O objetivo deste estudo é descrever dois lactentes que receberam o diagnóstico de síndrome deWalker-Warburg (WWS), uma forma rara de distrofia muscular congênita (CMD). Investigamos as manifestações clínicas, laboratoriais e neurorradiológicas dos dois pacientes. O caso-índice submeteu-se a uma imagem de ressonância magnética (MRI) cerebral e o segundo paciente a tomografia computadorizada (CT) do crânio. Ademais, realizou-se revisão da literatura para descrever as principais formas de CMD. O caso-índice satisfez todos os critérios de WWS. Uma MRI cerebral realizada aos 4 meses de idade confirmou o diagnóstico clínico ao mostrar hidrocefalia acentuada, lissencefalia do tipo II, agenesia do corpo caloso, aplasia do vermis cerebelar e um tronco encefálico hipoplásico. O diagnóstico de WWS foi estabelecido retrospectivamente na irmã mais velha do caso-índice, com base nos achados clínicos e no laudo da CT do crânio.
Objective -Studies have shown that therapy with beta-blockers reduces mortality in patients with heart failure. However, there are no studies describing the effects of propranolol on the QT dispersion in this population. The objective of this study was to assess the electrophysiological profile, mainly QT dispersion, of patients with heart failure regularly using propranolol.
Methods -Fifteen patients with heart failure and using propranolol were assessed over a period of 12 months. Twelve-lead electrocardiograms (ECG) were recorded prior to the onset of beta-blocker therapy and after 3 months of drug use.Results -A significant reduction in heart rate, in QT dispersion and in QTc dispersion was observed, as was also an increase in the PR interval and in the QT interval, after the use of propranolol in an average dosage of 100 mg/day.
Conclusion -Reduction in QT dispersion in patientswith heart failure using propranolol may explain the reduction in the risk of sudden cardiac death with beta-blocker therapy, in this specific group of patients.
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