Urinary incontinence (UI) is any involuntary loss of urine. In female athletes, physical exercise may be a risk factor for UI because of increased intra-abdominal pressure generated during high-impact exercises, which overloads the pelvic organs, predisposing them to UI. This is a systematic review of the prevalence of UI in female athletes in different sports. A search for articles was carried out in the PEDro, Scopus, Cinahl, PubMed, LILACS, SciELO, Science Direct, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane databases as well as a manual search of the references of studies already published on the subject with the keywords "athlete," "urinary incontinence," and "women" in Portuguese and English. Only articles published from 2000 to 2016 were included. Observational studies assessing the prevalence of UI in female athletes were selected. Methodological quality was assessed using the Downs and Black scale, and the data collected from the studies were analyzed through meta-analysis. Eight studies met the eligibility criteria. Meta-analysis showed a 36% prevalence of UI in female athletes in different sports, and compared with sedentary women, the athletes had a 177% higher risk of presenting with UI. There is a higher prevalence of UI in female athletes compared with sedentary women. There have been reports of UI in different sports.

This study confirmed that PFM fatigue can influence the development and/or worsening of SUI.

The type of delivery was not associated with differences in the short-term development of postpartum PFD.

Introduction: During pregnancy, a woman's body goes through many changes, and lower back and pelvic pain are common and may persist after pregnancy. Although the literature point physical therapy as an effective therapeutic tool, there are few studies on the effects of physical therapy intervention through exercises for this purpose. Objective: To perform a systematic review on the use of Physiotherapy, through therapeutic exercises, for the prevention and treatment of pregnancy low back and pelvic pain. Methods: A systematic search for randomized trials (RCTs) was conducted on the databases PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane, EMBASE, LILACS and Periódicos Capes. There was no date or language restriction. The terms included in the search were: "pregnancy", "low back pain", "pelvic pain", "exercise therapy" and their descriptors in Portuguese. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale and a descriptive analysis of the studies was performed. Results: Eight studies, including 1781 pregnant women, were selected. Among them, one study addressed the issue of low back pain, two focused on pelvic pain and five on low back and/or pelvic pain. Seven studies presented high methodological quality, and only one study had low methodological quality. Limited evidence on low back pain was found, and conflicting evidence on pelvic pain, and low and/or pelvic pain. Conclusion: RCTs on the subject are scarce and heterogeneous, making it impossible to reach a consensus

Introdução: O câncer de mama é a neoplasia mais incidente na população feminina, sendo o linfedema de membro superior a complicação mais frequente no pós-operatório de mastectomia. Objetivo: Verificar a eficácia da fisioterapia complexa descongestiva associada ao uso de kinesiotape, enfaixamento compressivo e compressão pneumática no tratamento do linfedema secundário ao câncer de mama. Método: Revisão sistemática, cujas bases de dados consultadas foram: MEDLINE, PEDro, Cochrane CENTRAL, EMBASE, Periódicos Capes, Cinahl e Scholar Google. As palavras-chave foram: “kinesiotape”, “bandage”, “drainage”, “mastectomy”, “lymphedema”, “physioterapy”, “physical therapy”, “compressive bandaging”, “pneumatic compression”. Resultados: Foram selecionados dez ensaios clínicos randomizados. Foi possível verificar que a compressão pneumática reduz os níveis de volume de linfedema quando associada à fisioterapia complexa descongestiva. O enfaixamento compressivo se mostra eficaz na redução do linfedema; porém muitas vezes é abandonado pelas pacientes pelo desconforto que causa. A kinesiotape surge como uma alternativa terapêutica para pacientes que não se adaptaram ao enfaixamento; porém, os artigos que abordam essa temática são em sua maioria estudos de casos e, por isso, se tornam insuficientes para confirmar sua eficácia. Conclusão: Essa revisão sistemática mostrou-se relevante na medida em que permitiu verificar os efeitos de cada uma das técnicas no tratamento do linfedema pós-mastectomia. No entanto, os estudos clínicos randomizados ainda se mostram escassos, principalmente no que se refere ao uso da kinesiotape. Por essa razão, não há como estabelecer qual técnica é mais eficaz na redução do linfedema e na manutenção dos níveis de redução conquistados durante a fisioterapia complexa descongestiva.

The incidence of positional plagiocephaly (PP) has increased during the last 2 decades in the Netherlands. Although this is generally solely attributed to the advice to put babies on the back during their sleep, other factors might be of influence. Because the advice to take folic acid (FA) was initiated in the same period as the sleeping advice, this study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of FA on PP. It is known that a daily intake of 400 microg of FA around the time of conception is advised in periconceptive women to prevent development of neural tube defects. The maximal daily dietary folate intake is considered to be 250 mg with a bioavailability of 50% to 70%. However, periconceptional women may take a multivitamin containing pteroylmonoglutamine in addition to a FA supplement (isolated pteroylmonoglutamine). Therefore, the daily intake of FA will exceed 1 mg daily, which is considered the upper limit of daily folate ingestion. Data from the "Maastricht Cohort and Intervention study about pregnancy related girdlepain" were used to study the amount of folate containing supplemental intake of all the 7526 women. In this study, women were prospectively questioned about their FA intake. The entire cohort, considered the control group, was compared with a subgroup of women within this cohort with children with PP, treated by a plastic surgeon, considered the PP group. Double use, defined as isolated FA preparations in addition to folate containing supplements (vitamins), was seen more frequently in women giving birth to children with PP. In the PP group, double use was seen in 33.3% of the women compared to 13.2% in the control group. Although no statistical analysis could be made because the PP group was too small, the use of too high dosages of FA might have an adverse effect in causing more PP. This article does not want to discuss the beneficial effect of FA during pregnancy. However, we observed a potential empirical relation between PP and FA double intake requiring attention in more extensive studies.