Objective To determine a threshold of detection value for surface roughness of restorations by patients using their tongue. Method Samples of composite resin were finished with differing grades of abrasive. The surface roughness (Ra) was measured and representative scanning electro-micrographs taken. These were compared with labial enamel. Twenty-five volunteers were asked to rank them in order of perceived roughness using the tip of their tongue. Results These showed that the 60% of volunteers were able to rank the specimens correctly, and were able to distinguish differences in roughness values from between 0.25 and 0.50 µm. This range encompasses that of natural enamel. Conclusions The subjects were able to distinguish lower roughness values than have previously been reported. It is concluded that when finishing restorations the surface should have a maximum roughness 0.50 µm if it is not to be detected by the patient.

. Is it coercive controlling violence? A cross-sectional domestic violence and abuse survey of men attending general practice in England. Psychology of Violence, 7(3), 417-427. DOI: 10.1037/vio0000107 Peer reviewed version Link to published version (if available): 10.1037/vio0000107Link to publication record in Explore Bristol Research PDF-document This is the author accepted manuscript (AAM). The final published version (version of record) is available online via American Psychological Association at http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/vio/7/3/417 . Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher. University of Bristol -Explore Bristol Research General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pure/about/ebr-terms Method:A survey was administered to male patients in sixteen general practices (family medicine clinics) in England. Of 1,368 respondents who completed four screening questions regarding behaviour consistent with DVA, 707 (52%) completed detailed questions on lifetime experience of possibly harmful emotional, physical and sexual behaviours, perpetration, and impacts, and if they had ever been in a domestically violent or abusive relationship. One-way ANOVA was used to establish optimal thresholds across abuse and impact scales in order to ascertain severity of men's reported experiences.Results: More than half (52.5%; 95% CI 48.7% to 55.9%) the men reported experiencing potentially harmful physical, emotional or sexual behaviour from a partner, however only 4.4% of the men experienced coercive controlling violence and of those nearly half also reported perpetration against their partner. Conclusions:While a large minority of men presenting to general practice experience or perpetrate DVA behaviour in relationships, only a small minority experience coercive controlling violence and only one in forty have experienced such violence as victims only.

Male peer support theory is based on same-gender influences on men perpetrating dating violence against women. However, research indicates that male peer support theory might not hold for cross-gender influences and lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) relationships. This study examined across sexual orientation the composition of social support networks and their influence on dating violence in an ethnically diverse group of college students. The results indicated composition of networks and frequency of dating violence was similar across sexual orientation, but the influence of networks differed across sexual orientation. Policies and services targeting LGB students experiencing dating violence should consider the influence of networks.

Increasing evidence documents domestic violence and abuse (DVA) and domestic homicide of adults killed by a relative in non-intimate partner relationships. Most literature focuses on intimate partner violence and homicide, yet non-intimate partner homicides form a substantial but neglected minority of domestic homicides. This article addresses this gap by presenting an analysis from 66 domestic homicide reviews (DHRs) in England and Wales where the victim and perpetrator were related, such as parent and adult child. Intimate partner homicides are excluded. These 66 DHRs were a sub-sample drawn from a larger study examining 317 DHRs in England and Wales.The article contributes towards greater understanding of the prevalence, context and characteristics of adult family homicide (AFH). Analysis revealed five interlinked precursors to AFH: mental health and substance/alcohol misuse, criminal history, childhood trauma, economic factors and care dynamics. Findings indicate that, given their contact with both victims and perpetrators, criminal justice agencies, adult social care and health agencies, particularly mental health services, are ideally placed to identify important risk and contextual factors. Understanding of DVA needs to extend to include adult family violence. Risk assessments need to be cognisant of the complex dynamics of AFH and must consider social-structural and relational-contextual factors.<br />Key messages<br /><ol><li>Understanding of domestic violence and abuse needs to include adult family violence.</li><br /><li>Risks and dynamics of adult family homicide are complex and must consider social-structural and relational-contextual factors.</li><br /><li>Criminal justice agencies, social care, substance misuse and mental health services provide opportunities for prevention.</li></ol>

Bystander intervention is showing promise as a strategy for violence reduction. Following successful preliminary evaluation of The Intervention Initiative (TII), a bystander programme for universities, a Public Health department in a local authority commissioned a DVA-specific version of TII for communities which became Active Bystander Communities (ABC). This paper documents, in narrative and reflexive form, the challenges and complexities faced by the research team and practitioners in translating TII into a new context for a new audience. We review findings from research, document the theoretical rationale underpinning the new programme, and its content and adherence to effective prevention criteria. We discuss the community readiness model and results of our engagement with a wider practitioner base and how feedback informed further programme development. We document the importance of the intersect and interplay of academic work with practitioner ‘real world’ realities. We discuss two fundamental theoretical issues: the meaning of ‘communities’ in this context, and the safety of interventions expressing social disapproval of problematic male behaviour to perpetrators designed to shift social norms. Government cuts have affected the structures and the staffing required to pilot the intervention in communities. Further research into effectiveness of the intervention and barriers to implementation is needed.