Among these organizations, Alpha Kappa Alpha was the first, founded in 1908 on the campus of Howard University. 7 Five years later, a group of Alpha Kappa Alpha members would breakaway to found Delta Sigma Theta, also at Howard University. 8 Scholars have recently begun analyzing the racial uplift activities of these two organizations. 9 However, for Zeta Phi Beta and Sigma Gamma Rho, stories remain untold and unanalyzed.
With the establishment of Prohibition in the United States in 1920, the American public believed that women stood solidly behind the legislation because it would reduce the evils long associated with male drunkenness. The formation in 1929 of an anti-Prohibition women's group, the Women's Organization for National Prohibition Reform, challenged this notion of a unified woman's voting bloc. This article explores the WONPR, arguing that its members shared with women Prohibitionists the desire to protect the home but opposed Prohibition as an act of state force. The dispute among organized women over Prohibition is important because it shows that the struggle over special labor legislation was not the only sign that gender unity had died.
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