Premenstrual symptoms were common in this cohort. Use of hormonal contraceptive methods was associated with a lower prevalence of these symptoms.
BRtITISH 769 MEDICAL JOURNAL illness. Among children in good home conditions 25 % of the total absenteeism was due to causes other than illness; among children in poor home conditions the proportion was 36 to 41%. Nutrition Children graded as of poor nutrition in Salford had about 15% more total absenteeism and absenteeism due to illness than had children of good nutrition, while in Stoke the differences between the children with good and those with poor nutrition was 30 to 40%. Absenteeism among boys living in Whiteacre camp school was considerably less than that of boys living at home at Salford-total absenteeism being 23.6 days, compared with about 37 days-and that due to illness 9.4 days, compared with about 24 days for boys aged 7-14 years in the two localities. The relatively high absenteeism through causes other than illness was due to the fact that the children lived in the camp school and occasionally visited relatives and friends. The difference in the sickness rate of the Salford children from that of the camp school children was due almost entirely to absence from respiratory conditions; this averaged about 12 days for the Salford boys and 2 days for the Whiteacre camp school boys. DiscussionAnalysis shows that there is a relationship bhtween on the one hand social conditions as represented by home and economic conditions and the number of children in the family, and on the other hand the health of the Salford children as represented by the somewhat limited range of conditions noted at the clinical examination and by the growth data-the poorer the social conditions the worse the health levels. Yudkin (1944), in a study of the nutritional condition of children in Cambridge, found that children in a school in a fairly poor district, compared with those in a school in a comparatively well-to-do district, were on the average 0.8 in. (2.03 cm.) shorter, and 2.6 lb. (1.18 kg.) lighter, and had 2% less haemoglobin and a grip 1.25 kg. weaker. The absenteeism data suggest that social conditions did not affect absence from school due to illness, although with worsening home conditions there was a substantial increase in absence due to causes other than illness.It is important, however, to note (a) that absenteeism among children graded "poor nutrition " was considerably greater, both in Stoke and in Salford, than among those graded " good nutrition"; and (b) that there was a general lowering of the nutritional grading with worsening social conditions. Further, the average number of days' absence through illness among the camp school children was 9.4, compared with about 24 for boys living in Salford and about 14 for boys living in Stoke. It is also noteworthy that total absenteeism in Salford was about 65% greater than in Stoke, and that due to illness about 33% greater. The amount of absence due to illness, particularly respiratory conditions, appears to vary considerably from locality to locality, and the point arises as to how much of this is due to bad environment. It is not suggested that figures for t...
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