We highlight that control of the modifiable risk factors is a valid approach for managing the increased incidence of AD and PD. We describe neuroinflammatory mechanisms, which are common to AD and PD that may link both these neurodegenerative diseases with the four common modifiable risk factors. Understanding neuroinflammatory mechanisms could help identify novel therapeutic targets for combating these neurodegenerative diseases.
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a multi-organ fibroinflammatory disorder that may result in organ dysfunction and complications. Glucocorticoids remain the primary treatment for inducing remission, while recently reported disease phenotypes might inform personalized therapeutic strategies. Progress in understanding the pathophysiology of IgG4-RD has led to the identification of novel treatment targets. Ongoing research will further refine the optimal treatment for IgG4-RD. This review offers an update on the latest evidence on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of IgG4-RD.
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