An experimental study was conducted in chinchillas regarding the pathogenesis of acquired cholesteatoma (keratoma). The placement of a chemically modified gelatin membrane from the external auditory canal to the promontory through a tympanic membrane perforation stimulated squamous epithelial cell migration. Cholesteatoma formation with the presence of keratin debris and inflammatory reactions was observed in the middle ear and anterior bulla in 53.5% of the experimental animals. These experimental findings show for the first time the presence of epithelial migration and true cholesteatoma formation in the middle ear of chinchillas in an experimental model with deliberate perforation of the tympanic membrane. Erosion of the cochlear walls was observed in areas with granulation tissue and cholesteatoma. The importance and significance of the migration of squamous epithelium and of the middle ear inflammatory reaction in the genesis of acquired cholesteatomas are discussed.
Young adults enrolled in collegiate agricultural programs are a critical audience for agricultural health and safety training. Understanding the farm tasks that young adults engage in is necessary for tailoring health and safety education. The project analyzed evaluation survey responses from the Gear Up for Ag Health and Safety™ program, including reported agricultural tasks, safety concerns, frequency of discussing health and safety concerns with healthcare providers, safety behaviors, and future career plans. The most common tasks reported included operation of machinery and grain-handling. Most participants intended to work on a family-owned agricultural operation or for an agribusiness/cooperative following graduation. Reported safety behaviors (hearing protection, eye protection, and sunscreen use when performing outdoor tasks) differed by gender and education type. Male community college and university participants reported higher rates of “near-misses” and crashes when operating equipment on the roadway. One-third of participants reported discussing agricultural health and safety issues with their medical provider, while 72% were concerned about the health and safety of their family and co-workers in agriculture. These findings provide guidance for better development of agricultural health and safety programs addressing this population—future trainings should be uniquely tailored, accounting for gender and educational differences.
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