Bandura's (1977Bandura's ( , 1986 self-efficacy theory was tested in relation to occupational consideration and academic performance with 35 High School Equivalency Program students from seasonal farmworker backgrounds. Within-individual and aggregate analyses indicated a moderate to strong relationship between extent of consideration of occupational activities and self-efficacy, interests, and incentives. Individual differences in the strength of the relationship between selfefficacy and extent of consideration were associated with individual differences in generality of self-efficacy. Self-efficacy expectations for academic areas were moderately related to accomplishment and ability, but not to effort, in those areas. The use of incentives as a moderator of the relationship between self-efficacy and occupational consideration illustrated a more complete test of Bandura's theory. Bandura's (1977Bandura's ( , 1986 self-efficacy theory has received increasing attention in the career literature (see Lent & Hackett, 1987, for a review). Bandura (1986) defined self-efficacy expectations as "people's judgments of their capabilities to organize and execute courses of action required to attain designated types of performance" (p. 391). According to Bandura (1977Bandura ( , 1986, self-efficacy expectations affect choice and initiation of behavior, effort, persistence, and hence level of performance or accomplishment. Hackett and Betz (1981) first proposed the relevance of the self-efficacy construct for the career area and for explaining gender differences in occupational choice. Since then, the career self-efficacy model has been studied in relation to consideration of career or major (

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Five experiments investigated whether perceptual patterning afforded by imposing a recurrent stress pattern on auditorially presented lists has a positive effect on list recall. The experiments also addressed whether the recall advantage reflected the salience that the stress pattern created for certain items or whether the recall advantage arose from the distinct grouping configurations that were produced by the stress pattern. The authors explored these issues by examining immediate serial-recall performance for spoken lists that either did or did not have a stress pattern imposed on them. Lists had an anapest or dactylic stress pattern or were monotone and consisted of two stimulus types, either digit names or common English nouns. Results showed that stress patterns enhanced serial-recall performance and that the recall benefit derived primarily from the perceptual grouping afforded by the stress patterns. Results also showed that the grouping benefit derived from stress patterning generalizes to monotone lists. In contrast, salience effects are attached to the stimulus per se and do not transfer.

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