The vicuña (Vicugna vicugna) is a wild South American camelid (SAC) that inhabits the highlands of South America between 3200 and 4700 m above sea level, and is distributed in the following five countries: Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina and ecuador (Marín and others 2007, Wheeler and hoces 1997). Peru holds the greatest vicuña population with 61.4 per cent of the world's population. Vicuñas are of great economic importance because they produce the finest animal fibre in the world (Wheeler and hoces 1997, Sahley and others 2007). Several parasitic diseases have been reported in SACs. Some of them are caused by external parasites such as mites (Ballweber 2009). Currently, three types of mange mites have been reported in the SAC: sarcoptic, psoroptic and chorioptic. Sarcoptic mange is a common parasitic skin disease caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei (Geurden and others 2003, Mellanby 1947). This ectoparasite has a cosmopolitan distribution and can infect a variety of mammals including human beings, domestic and wild animals (Fain 1968, 1978, Pence and Ueckermann 2002). This study reports the presence of natural sarcoptic mange infestation in a vicuña population from Peru. The study was conducted on a vicuña population from the National Reserve 'Pampas Galeras' localised in the department of Ayacucho, Peru, at 4000 m above sea level (W 74°30′; S 14°41′). The habitat of the vicuñas has an area of 6500 hectares, but the area of the National Reserve is estimated at about 60,000 hectares which includes several rural communities (SeRNANP 2012). During vicuña shearing season (June 2012), a total of 955 vicuñas (adults, young and crias), were captured by the community people, an event commonly known as the 'chaku'. Only 200 adult vicuñas were assigned to this study by the permission of the steering committee for the reserve. Twenty-four out of 200 vicuñas (>1-yearold) were found with skin lesions that were consistent with mange, characterised at various sites (ventral abdomen, inguinal region and limbs) by alopecia, erythema, thick crusts and fissured skin (Figs 1 and 2). The affected animals had pruritus and were in poor body condition. Skin scrapings were collected from all clinically affected animals and were preserved in labelled vials with 70 per cent ethanol (one to two weeks) before being soaked in 10 per cent potassium hydroxide
Deep insights into chloroplast biogenesis have been obtained by mutant analysis; however, in C 4 plants a relevant mutant collection has only been developed and exploited for maize. Here, we report the initial characterization of an ethyl methyl sulfonate-induced mutant population for the C 4 model Setaria viridis. Approximately 1000 M 2 families were screened for the segregation of pale-green seedlings in the M 3 generation, and a subset of these was identified to be deficient in post-transcriptional steps of chloroplast gene expression. Causative mutations were identified for three lines using deep sequencing-based bulked segregant analysis, and in one case confirmed by transgenic complementation. Using chloroplast RNA-sequencing and other molecular assays, we describe phenotypes of mutants deficient in PSRP7, a plastid-specific ribosomal protein, OTP86, an RNA editing factor, and cpPNP, the chloroplast isozyme of polynucleotide phosphorylase. The psrp mutant is globally defective in chloroplast translation, and has varying deficiencies in the accumulation of chloroplastencoded proteins. The otp86 mutant, like its Arabidopsis counterpart, is specifically defective in editing of the rps14 mRNA; however, the conditional pale-green mutant phenotype contrasts with the normal growth of the Arabidopsis mutant. The pnp mutant exhibited multiple defects in 3 0 end maturation as well as other qualitative changes in the chloroplast RNA population. Overall, our collection opens the door to global analysis of photosynthesis and early seedling development in an emerging C 4 model.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.