The gelatin industry wastewater has nutrients in its composition, allowing its use in agriculture as an alternative to disposal and recycling of this residue. However, high application rates can cause the accumulation of elements such as sodium in the soil, and generate negative impacts on the environment. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the application of rates up to 600 m 3 ha -1 of gelatin industry wastewater in soil columns, on soil chemical attributes in five depths. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in PVC tube columns (0.20 m diameter) filled with distroferric Red Nitosol soil, of very clayey texture. The treatments consisted of increasing rates of wastewater equivalent to 0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 m 3 ha -1 , with a single application, at the soil surface and without incorporation. The application of the gelatin industry wastewater resulted no negative effects on soil chemical properties to a depth of 60 cm. The application of the levels of wastewater increased the concentration of sodium in the soil, but without causing problems with sodicity.
ABSTRACT. An electrolytic cell was developed to monitor soil modifications after crop fertigation with wastewaters from agroindustrial plants. The device was first calibrated with different levels of potassium chloride dissolved in aqueous solutions at various temperatures. Nernst´s model was used to fit the voltage indicated from the electrolytic cell versus the ionic activity of the potassium from the aqueous solutions of electrical conductivity and known ionic concentrations and the diluted wastewater samples. The equipment accurately indicated the tensions after appropriated correction of the electrical current and the temperature. The device estimated with accuracy the ionic coefficient of activity, the concentration of the potassium chloride and the concentration of the ion K dissolved in the agro-industrial wastewater.Keywords: ionic activity, potassium, wastewater, fertigation.Desenvolvimento e calibração de um equipamento para determinação da concentração de íons na solução do solo RESUMO. Uma célula eletrolítica foi desenvolvida para monitorar as modificações do solo após a fertirrigação de culturas com águas residuárias agroindustriais. Neste primeiro passo, o dispositivo fabricado foi calibrado utilizando diferentes níveis de cloreto de potássio dissolvido em soluções aquosas sob várias temperaturas. O modelo de Nernst foi utilizado para ajustar a tensão indicada a partir da célula electrolítica versus a actividade iónica do potássio a partir de soluções aquosas de condutividade elétrica e concentração iônica conhecidas e amostras de águas residuárias diluídas. O equipamento indicou com precisão as tensões após a correção apropriada tanto da corrente eléctrica como da temperatura. O dispositivo estimou com precisão o coeficiente de atividade iónica, a concentração do cloreto de potássio e a concentração do íon K dissolvido nas águas residuárias agroindustriais.Palavras-chave: atividade iônica, potássio, água residuária, fertirrigação.
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