This study examined whether alcohol use is a significant antecedent (causal factor) and/or consequence (result) of feelings of dissatisfaction toward self (self-derogation) and toward one's peer relationships, life opportunities, and global-perceived environment. Six hundred-forty subjects were assessed as adolescents and four years later as young adults on identical sets of alcohol use and dissatisfaction measures. Consumption of alcohol (beer, wine, and liquor) increased significantly over this four-year period. Self-derogation and dissatisfaction with parents decreased, whereas dissatisfaction with school or work and “chances to be what you want” increased over the same period of time. A series of cross-lagged latent variable structural models were used to evaluate the longitudinal antecedents and consequences of alcohol use on the dissatisfaction measures. Although Alcohol Use and Self-Derogation (as latent factors) were positively correlated at the first time point, adolescent Alcohol Use significantly decreased Self-Derogation as a young adult. Adolescent Alcohol Use significantly increased Dissatisfaction with Peer Relations and Dissatisfaction with Perceived Environment as young adults, even after controlling for initial levels of dissatisfaction. Finally, adolescent Dissatisfaction with Opportunity significantly increased young adult Alcohol Use when initial levels of alcohol consumption were controlled.
Although the nature of younger adults' attitudes toward older adults has been researched extensively, there are long-neglected questions regarding older adults' views of young adults. In the first phase of this three phase study, community dwelling seniors generated traits they believed characterized young people. In the second phase, a subsample of the original participants sorted the traits into groups that could be found in one and the same young person. Fifteen stereotypes appeared when these results were submitted to hierarchical cluster analysis. In the final phase, a subsample of the original older adult participants rated how typical each of the stereotypes was of younger people. As well, each of the stereotypes were rated using an abbreviated version of Kogan and Wallach's (1961) semantic differential scale. Results indicate that the stereotypes older people hold of younger people are generally more positive than negative. Further, the positive stereotypes are viewed as more typical of younger adults than are the negative stereotypes.
In this study, we compared self-disclosures made in ten same-aged (young-young) and ten mixed-aged (young-old) conversational dyads. We developed a scoring scheme to code get-acquainted conversations on amount, type, valence, and intimacy of self-disclosure (S-Ds). Overall, young women produced more S-Ds with same-aged than with older partners. Young women devoted marginally fewer of their self-disclosures to statements about the past than did older women. Younger and older women's S-Ds about the present and the past were not significantly different in how negative, positive, or intimate they were. The intimacy and negativity of disclosures made by the dyad members were more closely correlated in young-young than in young-old dyads. Young participants' affective reports following the conversations did not differ as a function of partner age, but did correlate with aspects of their partners' self-disclosures. Findings offer a contrast to the stereotype that older adults dominate conversations with intimate, negative disclosures about the past.
The following case study chronicles the activities of a community-university partnership that supports the University of California, San Diego’s threefold mission of teaching, research, and service while directing educational resources to underrepresented communities. This partnership, instantiated in a research project widely known as La Clase Mágica, involves a broad spectrum of institutional units seeking to bridge the digital, cognitive, and employment gaps that exist between middle-class mainstream communities and those at the margins. The case study examines the project’s history and philosophy, theoretical framework, commitment to collaboration, assessment, and impact over the past two decades.
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