This study aims to understand the migratory experience and the employment, work and health conditions of the returned migrants from Spain to Colombia. A qualitative study was conducted by means of 23 semi-structured interviews with Colombian returned migrant workers. Qualitative narrative content analysis was performed using Atlas.Ti software. Main findings are represented by nine categories emerged from the participants' discourses: (1) impact of the economic crisis on work and employment conditions in Spain, (2) economic crisis and return, (3) characteristics of returnees, (4) perception of the returnees about Colombia, (5) the role of social support networks, (6) employment and working conditions in Colombia, (7) health and wellbeing, (8) future plans and expectations, (9) the experience of being immigrant. Adjustment difficulties in participants are evidenced by the return migration process and the conditions of the social, political and economic system in Colombia. Return migration represents the reconfiguration of personal and working lives of this population. This situation requires the development of global policies and strategies in public health to facilitate the adaptation of these people.
RESUMEN. Antecedentes: Se requiere analizar la situación de salud bucal en grupos vulnerables desde la perspectiva de los determinantes sociales para establecer estrategias de intervención efectivas. Objetivo: Describir el estado de salud bucal y factores relacionados en un grupo de mujeres en situación de prostitución en la ciudad de Medellín (Colombia). Métodos: Este fue un estudio descriptivo en una muestra por conveniencia de 53 mujeres que ejercen la prostitución. Se aplicó encuesta y examen clínico y se analizaron variables de autopercepción de salud bucal, índice COP-D (cariados, obturados y perdidos), índice de caries significativa (SiC), problemas de articulación temporomandibular (ATM) y estado protésico. Resultados: 88,2 % de las mujeres encuestadas reportaron un mal estado de salud bucal, 81 % se sentían insatisfechas con su estado bucal y 60 % reportó problemas bucales. La prevalencia de caries dental fue del 64 %, con un COP-D de 15,6 (±8,4), y un SiC de 25,5 (±3,6). Se presentaron diferencias en el estado de salud bucal en indicadores clínicos y subjetivos según factores sociodemográficos. Más de tres cuartas partes requerían cambia o realizar nuevas prótesis superiores o inferiores. En casi la mitad se hallaron ruidos articulares en la ATM según evaluación clínica. Conclusiones: El estado de salud bucal según los indicadores analizados es reflejo de las condiciones sociales en que se encuentran estas mujeres. Se encontraron diferencias en los indicadores de salud bucal de acuerdo con diferentes factores sociodemográficos, lo cual sugiere la influencia de los determinantes sociales en las desigualdades en salud bucal.ABSTRACT. Background: The analysis of the oral health situation in vulnerable groups from a perspective of social determinants is required to implement effective intervention strategies. Purpose: To describe the oral health status and its related factors in a group of women in situation of prostitution in Medellín (Colombia). Methods: A descriptive study was conducted with a convenience sample of 53 women. A survey and clinical examination was carried out. The study analyzed variables related to self-perceived oral health, DTMF Index, Significant Caries Index (SiC), temporomandibular joint problems (TMJ), and the status of fixed/removable prosthesis. Results: 88.2 % of the surveyed women reported their oral health status was poor, 81 % of them felt unsatisfied with their mouth, and 60 % reported oral problems. The prevalence of dental caries was 64 %, with a DTMF of 15.6 (± 8.4), and a SiC of 25.5 (± 3.6). There were differences in oral health status in clinical and subjective indicators according to sociodemographic factors. More than three-quarters required changing or making new upper and/or lower partial or fixed dentures. In almost half, articular noises were found in TMJ according to the clinical evaluation. Conclusions: The oral health status, from the basis of the indicators analyzed, reflects the social conditions found in these women. Differences in the oral health indicators were in accordance to sociodemographic factors. This situation suggests that there is an influence of social determinants on oral health inequalities.
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