Abstract:Puente de Piedra is a structure located in the southwest flank of the Poás volcano, originated from differential erosion processes active for thousands of years in volcanic rocks (ignimbrite deposits) by the Poró river. It was declared a natural heritage of Costa Rica on April 21, 1994, under the decree number 23 1111-06 and because of its nature as relatively young age (Middle Pleistocene), size and functionality is one of the few worldwide. For these reasons, its preservation is very important to be enjoyed by future generations. A geological and geomorphological characterization of the bridge is presented, also the region in which it is located, along with an assessment of their current status and inventory of damages, human activities that take place in the region are also identified and how the changes in them could negatively impact it in the future. To have the detailed geomorphological description of the bridge, we used a lidar survey and a 3D model to obtain all the parametric data that also can be use as historical memory of the structure. The results of this work can be the starting point for defining an intervention program, conservation and maintenance of the structure, also an incentive for the community of Grecia that can have greater tourist use of this site. Currently the tourism is detached and with no interconnections in terms of geological, biological and cultural aspects. Linking these fields could help to improve the development of communities near the volcano and take the first steps towards a concept of geopark. Keywords: natural bridge, differential erosion, lidar, evaluation, slopes, traffic, geopark.Resumen: El Puente de Piedra es una estructura ubicada en el flanco suroeste del volcán Poás, fue formada por procesos de erosión diferencial en rocas volcánicas (depósitos ignimbríticos) que han estado activos por miles de años, en el río Poró. Su importancia radica en que fue declarado patrimonio natural de Costa Rica el 21 de abril de 1994, bajo el decreto número 23 1111-06, y que por sus características como: edad (Pleistoceno Medio) tamaño y funcionalidad, es uno de los pocos que hay en el mundo. Por estas razones es que su preservación es muy importante para asegurar el disfrute por las próximas generaciones. Se presenta una caracterización geológica y geomorfológica no solo el puente, si no la región en la que está ubicado, además de la evaluación de su estado actual con un inventario de daños Ruiz, P. y Suárez, C. (2017). Evaluación integral de "Puente de Piedra", Grecia, Costa Rica y su potencial turístico.
This study focuses on determinate the presence of acid rock drainage (ARD) on two slopes on Route27, Costa Rica, by analysis of paste pH and geochemistry of superficial water. The laboratory results (samples with pH up to 1.5), and the physical evidence observed in the field, shows that in fact there is ARD in some slopes. The ARD on the route is directly affecting the chemical and physical properties of the shotcrete on the slopes, welded steel and ditch for the surface water management, causing its collapse and creating a hazard for users. The importance of identify this chemical and physical process that is weathering the materials of the slopes in the road cuts, it's essential for the right corrective action and resolve the problem or at least minimize the negative effects and their influence on slope instability of the route. Keywords: Acid drainage, hydrothermal alteration, paste pH, geochemistry, route 27, Caldera. RESUMEN:Este trabajo se enfoca en determinar, mediante análisis de laboratorio de pH en pasta y geoquímica de aguas superficiales, la existencia de drenaje de ácido de rocas (DAR) en dos taludes de la Ruta Nacional 27, Costa Rica. Los resultados de laboratorio (muestras con pH de hasta 1,5), así como las evidencias físicas observadas en el campo, muestran que efectivamente esta carretera presenta DAR en algunos de sus taludes. El DAR en la ruta está afectando directamente las propiedades químicas y físicas del concreto lanzado que se colocó sobre los taludes, el acero electrosoldado y las cunetas para el manejo de aguas superficiales, ocasionando su colapso y generando un peligro para los usuarios. La importancia de identificar este proceso químico y físico que está alterando los materiales de los taludes en los cortes de la carretera, es fundamental para plantear las medidas correctivas adecuadas y resolver el problema, o al menos minimizar los efectos negativos y su influencia en la inestabilidad de taludes de la ruta. Palabras clave: Drenaje ácido, alteración hidrotermal, pH en pasta, geoquímica, ruta 27, Caldera.
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