The effects of several ceramic surface treatments on bond strength of a polymer-infiltrated ceramic network and resin composite as repair material were evaluated. CAD-CAM blocks of a polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (Vita Enamic) were sliced and subjected to aging process, followed by embedding in acrylic resin. The bonding/repair area was treated as follows (n = 30): C- without treatment; UA- universal adhesive application; FM- 10% hydrofluoric acid and silane application; OM-airborne-particle abrasion with aluminum oxide and silane application; RP- tribochemical silica coating; and CA- surface grinding and application of universal adhesive. Composite resin cylinders were made on the treated surface. Specimens from each group were assigned randomly to two subgroups (n = 15) considering storage condition: Baseline (shear tests after 48 hours) or Storage (tests after 6 months under distilled water). The treated surfaces were analyzed by goniometry, roughness, and SEM. Two-way ANOVA and 1-way ANOVA were applied to analyze the bond data and roughness / contact angle data, respectively, followed by Tukey's test (α = 5%). Surface treatments and storage conditions affected bond strengths (p < 0.01). Surface grinding (CA) followed by universal adhesive promoted the highest value of bond strength (14.5 ± 4.8 MPa for baseline, 8.5 ± 3.4 MPa for storage) and the roughest ceramic surface. Grinding with silicon carbide paper (simulating diamond bur) followed by the application of a universal adhesive system is the best option for repairing fractures of the polymer-infiltrated ceramic network.
Objective: Evaluate the effect of staining and repeated firings on color, translucency and surface proprieties of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate (LD).Material and Methods: One hundred eighty LD discs were made (ISO 6872) and distributed in different groups (n = 20): control (CO)-no treatment; single-step characterization (SC)-crystallization and staining fired together; and double step characterization (DC)-crystallization and then staining. The samples were submitted to two, four, or six firings, resulting in nine groups: COII, COIV, COVI, SCII, SCIV, SCVI, DCII, DCIV, and DCVI. The color and translucency were measured by a reflectance spectrophotometer. Surface roughness (Ra) and Vickers nano-hardness were also measured. ANOVA and Tukey statistical tests were used (α = .05). Results:Only CO and DC demonstrated significant color alterations (ΔE 00 > 1.8). SC and DC did not show changes in translucency by the number of firings (P > .05); however, for CO (P = .02) these values increased. Nano-hardness was similar in all groups (P > .05). Ra values indicated differences due to the type of characterization (SC presented the highest values) and number of firings (CO and DC groups) (P < .01).Conclusion: SC promoted color, translucency, and roughness stability after repeated firings.Clinical Significance: The single characterization technic in CAD/CAM lithium disilicate presents good color, translucency, and hardness stability, which promote predictable results to monolithic restoration. K E Y W O R D Scolor, lithium disilicate, repeated firing, roughness, translucency
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