Abstract:Nowadays there is an increase in the number of people taking herbals worldwide. Scutia buxifolia is used for the treatment of hypertension, but little is known about its action on liver. Thirty-two Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control and groups treated during 30 days with 100, 200 and 400 mg of lyophilized aqueous extract of S. buxifolia (SBSB)/kg of body weight. This study was planned to explore hepatotoxic effect of SBSB, which was assessed by serum transaminases (ALT and AST). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels were determined in liver, along with thiols content (NPSH), catalase (CAT) activity and, superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes. Histopathological studies of liver tissue were performed. Flavonoids and phenolics were quantified in SBSB by OPEN ACCESSMolecules 2013, 18 7571 high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC/DAD). We did not observe alterations on redox status (TBARS, NPSH, CAT and, SOD) in the control and experimental groups. An increase on AST activity was only observed at 200 mg of SBSB, whereas ALT score was not affected by SBSB. Moreover, no morphological alterations were observed on the hepatocytes, matching the analysed biochemical parameters. This way, we conclude that SBSB was not toxic.
Background: Vincristine (VCR) is not a specific chemotherapeutic drug, responsible for cause several side effects. In this sense, many natural products have been studied to reduce this problem. Objetives: To examine the guarana neuroprotective effect in mice brain and cerebellum cells against vincristine (VCR) exposition. Design: An in vitro study was performed using mice brain and cerebellum mice in monolayer culture. First, cells were exposed to VCR (0.009 µM for 24 hours and 0.0007 µM for 72 hours) to measure the cytotoxicity effect. Also, the cellular effect of hydroalcoholic extract of guarana (10; 30; 100 and 300 μg/mL) was evaluated in the same cells in 24 and 72 hours. After that, cells were exposed to VCR and guarana extract to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of guarana. Measurements: Cell viability was analyzed by MTT, Free dsDNA and LHD Assays. Moreover, metabolism oxidative profile was evaluated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipoperoxidation (LPO) and catalase (CAT) levels through DCFH-DA, TBARS and Catalase Activity Assays, respectively. Results: Our findings revealed that VCR caused neuronal cytotoxicity by reducing cell viability and increasing ROS and LPO levels. On the other hand, guarana did not cause cell damage in none of tested concentrations. In addition, guarana exhibited a notable protective effect on brain and cerebellum cells exposed to VCR by increasing cell viability, stimulating CAT activity, reducing levels of ROS and LPO. Conclusions: In this sense, guaraná is a remarkable antioxidant fruit that could be a target in new therapies development to reduce VCR neurotoxicity.
Nicotine delays the healing process and increases the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), an enzyme that plays a key role in the production of reactive oxygen species during the inflammatory process. Laser Photobiomodulation (PBM) is one of the most used electrophysical agents in the treatment of the calcaneal tendon, however, its effects on MPO activity need to be further elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of laser PBM on MPO activity after inflicting an injury to the calcaneal tendon of rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Thirty-four male Wistar rats with 90 days of age were used. After 14 days of exposure to cigarette smoke, the animals were divided into three experimental groups: control group (CG, n=12), not submitted to injury or treatment; sham group (ShG, n=10), submitted to partial calcaneal tendon injury and laser PBM simulation; and laser PBM group (PBMG, n=12), submitted to partial calcaneal tendon lesion and treated with laser PBM within the first minute after injury. PBM decreased MPO activity levels in PBMG compared to ShG (CG: 1.38±0.69pg/ml; ShG: 3.78±1.09pg/ml; PBMG: 2.58±0.93pg/ml; p<0.005). In conclusion, applying laser PBM immediately after inflicting damage to the calcaneal tendon attenuates acute inflammatory activity in rats exposed to cigarette smoke.
Introduction:The postural balance is achieved through the interaction between the visual, proprioceptive and vestibular systems. Osteopathic manipulation treatment may interact with these systems through neural or sensory facilitation and consequently, restore or optimize the postural balance. Objective: Find and analyze studies that evaluated the effects of osteopathic manipulation in the balance of individuals. Methods: systematic review using the health descriptors (DeCS) "osteopathic manipulation treatment" and "postural balance", posting articles between 2009 and 2015 in different countries, in SciELO, LILACS and PubMed databases, to respond to the objective of study. Results: it included six scientific articles, of different nationalities, who used various maneuvers osteopathic manipulation in the treatment of postural balance, measured by force platform (2 studies), baropodometry (2 studies), functional questionnaire DHI (1 item) and computerized dynamic posturography (1 article) Conclusion: The osteopathic manipulation is effective in the treatment of postural balance in all studies included in the review.
ABSTRACT. Differences between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense system unbalance the redox status. The exposure to cigarette smoke can increase this imbalance. Trans-resveratrol is a polyphenol with great antioxidant action that reduces the oxidative stress. This study investigated the effect of the trans-resveratrol supplementation on the cardiac oxidative stress in rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Male Wistar rats were randomized into four groups: Control Group (CG), Exposure to Smoke Group (ESG), Antioxidant Group (AG) and Exposure to Smoke plus Antioxidant Group (ESAG). Animals were exposed to cigarette smoke and supplemented with trans-resveratrol (6.0 mg kg -1 ) for two months. The lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and the enzymatic activity of catalase (CAT) were measured in the cardiac muscle. The ESG presented the highest lipid peroxidation level compared with CG (p < 0.001), AG (p < 0.001) and ESAG (p < 0.006). The CAT activity was higher in the AG (p < 0.001) and ESAG (p < 0.001) compared with CG. The ESG presented lower CAT activity compared with the ESAG (p < 0.001). The supplementation of Trans-resveratrol attenuated the cardiac oxidative stress and increased the activity of catalase. Our findings evidenced the cardioprotective effect of transresveratrol in rats exposed to cigarette smoke.Keywords: smoking, myocardium, reactive oxygen species, catalase.O trans-resveratrol reduz o estresse oxidativo cardíaco de ratos expostos à fumaça de cigarro RESUMO. Diferenças entre espécies reativas de oxigênio e sistema de defesa antioxidante desequilibram o estado redox. Exposição à fumaça de cigarro pode aumentar esse desequilíbrio. Trans-resveratrol é um polifenol com ação antioxidante que reduz o estresse oxidativo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar os efeitos da suplementação com trans-resveratrol no estresse oxidativo cardíaco de ratos expostos à fumaça de cigarro. Randomização de 32 ratos Wistar machos em quatro grupos: Controle (CG), Exposição à Fumaça (ESG), Antioxidante (AG) e Exposição à Fumaça+Antioxidante (ESAG). Animais foram expostos à fumaça de cigarro e suplementados trans-resveratrol (6,0 mg kg -1 ) durante dois meses. Lipoperoxidação (TBARS) e atividade enzimática da catalase (CAT) foram mensuradas no músculo cardíaco. ESG apresentou maiores níveis de lipoperoxidação quando comparado ao CG (p < 0,001), AG (p < 0,001) e ao ESAG (p < 0,006). Atividade da CAT foi maior no AG (p < 0,001) e no ESAG (p < 0,001) quando comparados ao CG. ESG apresentou a menor atividade da CAT quando comparado ao ESAG (p < 0,001). A suplementação com trans-resveratrol atenuou o estresse oxidativo cardíaco e aumentou a atividade enzimática de defesa catalase. Esses resultados sugerem evidências de efeitos cardioprotetores do trans-resveratrol em ratos expostos à fumaça de cigarro.Palavras-chave: hábito de fumar, miocárdio, espécies de oxigênio reativas, catalase.
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