RESUMENObjetivo: Construir colectivamente un concepto de cuidado humanizado de enfermería en dos hospitales universitarios de Bogotá D.C. Método: Investigación cualitativa, dialéctica participativa de enfoque histórico-hermenéutico. Se hicieron ocho grupos focales y una entrevista semiestructurada para un total de 57 profesionales de enfermería. La construcción se hizo a partir de un preconcepto basado en el marco teórico, el cual se sometió a discusión entre los participantes. El análisis de los datos se hizo a través de la metodología de análisis de contenido. Resultados: El concepto final incluyó seis categorías: integralidad del sujeto, dignidad y condición humana, principios éticos, reflexión científica, autocuidado y comunicación asertiva y efectiva. Éste reúne elementos fundamentales para la expresión del acto de cuidar, lo que puede sugerir que el atributo de humanización está implícito en el cuidado de enfermería. Conclusión: Se aprecia una concepción operativa y limitada que no evidencia una reflexión trascendente sobre el significado del hombre y la humanización. Los hallazgos de esta investigación sirvieron como base para el diagnóstico situacional del cuidado humanizado en las instituciones objeto de estudio, así como para la búsqueda de alternativas para el fortalecimiento de la humanización como un sello en los servicios de enfermería.Palabras clave: Cuidado de enfermería, humanización de la atención, enfermería. ABSTRACTObjective: The aim of this study was build a concept of humanized nursing care a collectively way in two university hospitals in Bogotá DC. Method: It is a participatory dialectic qualitative research with an historical hermeneutic approach. Eight focus groups and one semi-structured interview were made for a total of 57 * Investigadora Principal. Enfermera, magíster en epidemiología. Profesora Principal Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad del Rosario. Bogotá D.C. Colombia. Email: angela.espinosa@urosario.edu.co ** Enfermera, magíster en enfermería y en epidemiología. nurses. The construction was based on pre-concept took from theoretical framework, which was submitted for discussion among participants. The data analysis was done through content analysis methodology. Results: The final concept included six categories: integrity of the subject, dignity and human condition, ethical principles, scientific reflection, and assertive effective communication. It brings key elements for expression of the act of caring which may suggest that the humanized attribute is implicit in nursing care. Conclusion: This operational and limited conception no evidences a transcendent reflection about meaning of human being and humanization. The findings of this research were the basis for one diagnosis of humanized nursing care in institutions under consideration and for the search of alternatives to strengthen the humanization as a label in nursing services.
Introduction: Dropout and graduation delay in higher education programs are a major problem worldwide, therefore also in Colombia, where it affects about 50 % of the students, a fact that produces a high personal, social and economic impact. Objective: To describe the characteristics of the dropout and graduation delay of Medical School students at the El Rosario University, and its associated variables. Materials and methods: A retrospective, descriptive study of the two cohorts admitted in 2003 and of the academic information of students enrolled during the years 2003 through 2008 was performed. Data were analyzed from longitudinal and transversal perspectives. Results: Longitudinal analysis showed that both cohorts admitted in 2003 had a dropout rate of 47 % and 36 %, graduation delay of 29 % and 36 %;and 22 % and 19 % of the students, respectively, obtained their degree in the expected time. The mean dropout per academic period between 2003 and 2008 was 7.1 %. The main reazon for dropout was academic failure. Discussion: The dropout and graduation delay rates in the traditional curriculum of the Medical School between 2003 and 2008 were high, similar to those found in higher education in Colombia. Among the complexity that characterizes this phenomenon, teaching strategies and academic and curricular aspects seem to play a major role. This historical cohort and the associated dropout indicators will serve as a basis for comparison for the new curriculum of the Medical School program recently established.
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