Recebido em 15/07/2013; Aceito em 16/10/2013. RESUMO:Diante das preocupações com o ambiente de trabalho e consequentemente com o bem-estar dos trabalhadores, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar a utilização da modelagem matemática fuzzy, na avaliação da salubridade de trabalhadores agrícolas, relacionada ao ambiente térmico e acústico. Para tanto, foram consideradas como variáveis de entrada do sistema, o índice de bulbo úmido e termômetro de globo (IBUTG, °C) e o nível de ruído (dB(A)), tendo como variável de saída o índice de bem-estar humano (IBEH). O método de inferência utilizado foi o de Mandani e na defuzificação, utilizou-se o método do centro de gravidade. Foram utilizadas 25 regras para representar estes dados, sendo que para cada regra foi atribuído peso igual a 1. Os resultados indicam que o modelo matemático teve uma metodologia satisfatória, podendo auxiliar na tomada de decisões e análises cotidianas. Palavra-chave: salubridade, ambiente de trabalho, sistemas inteligentes. FUZZY MODELING IN HUMAN WELL-BEINGPARAMETERS ABSTRACT: Given the concerns about the work environment and consequently the well-being of workers, this study aimed to evaluate the use of fuzzy mathematical modeling in assessing of the farm workers health, related to thermal and acoustic environment. So, were considered as input variables of the system, the wet bulb globe temperature index (WBGT, °C) and noise level (dB (A)), and the output variable was the human well-being index (HWBI). The inference method used was the
-The benefits of integrating agricultural components into silvopastoral systems are widely known, but the limited knowledge about ecological processes in the establishment phase impedes the use of this technology. The objective of this study was to evaluate interactions between fruit tree species and the sward layer under canopies of trees in the establishment phase of silvopastoral systems in Mato Grosso, Brazil. The experiment was implemented in October 2013, with an evaluation period from January to July 2015. The systems were composed of eight fruit trees intercropped with Tifton 85 grass. A completely randomized block design was adopted, with two replications per area per treatment. We evaluated the agronomic performance of the fruit trees, the categories of the light environment, and the plant accumulation under the canopies. The acerola fruit trees of the variety Roxinha had higher Leaf area index (LAI) and Light interception (LI) values, showing a denser canopy with small porosity and the lowest light quality available to the plants beneath the canopy (lower red/far-red ratio), thereby decreasing plant accumulation under trees. The guava fruit trees showed higher growth rates than the other fruit trees, but lower LAI and LI values and a higher red/far-red ratio, allowing higher plant growth under the canopy. Cajá trees showed a similar behavior; however, this species is deciduous, which limits its potential use in integrated systems. Banana and coconut trees were highly dependent on irrigation during the dry season. The remaining species showed an adequate growth and potential to control plant species growth under their canopies.Keywords: Plant competition. Intercropping. Light environment. CRESCIMENTO DE ESPÉCIES DE ÁRVORES FRUTÍFERAS DIFERENTES EM SISTEMAS SILVIPASTORIL DURANTE A FASE DE ESTABELECIMENTORESUMO -Os benefícios de integrar os componentes agrícolas já são bastante conhecidos, porém o conhecimento sobre os processos ecológicos da competição das plantas ainda é uma barreira para essa tecnologia. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a interação entre espécies fruteiras e a vegetação sob suas copas na fase de estabelecimento de sistemas silvipastoris no Mato Grosso, Brasil. O experimento foi implantado em 2013 e avaliado em 2015. Estes sistemas foram compostos por oito espécies de fruteiras consorciadas com Tifton-85. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos completos casualizados com duas repetições de área por tratamento. Foi avaliado o desempenho agronômico das espécies fruteiras, caracterização do ambiente luminoso e o acumulo de material vegetal sob as copas. A aceroleira Roxinha apresentou os maiores valores de índice de área foliar (IAF) e interceptação luminosa (IL) devido a um dossel mais denso com baixa porosidade e a menor qualidade de luz disponível sob as copas das árvores (menor relação vermelho/vermelho distante -V/Vd), condicionando a uma redução no acúmulo de material vegetal sob as copas. As goiabeiras cresceram mais do que as outras espécies, contudo apresentaram os ...
Distribution of the intercropped plants determines the production but it is highly dependent on the machinery of the property. Producers, who harvest silage row by row, depend on plantings with greater spacing. This study was aimed to evaluate the maize intercropped for cultivated silage in 0.90 m between rows, with grass under the shade and full sunlight conditions. Maize with brachiaria grass was tested in four sowing densities (0, 2, 4 and 6 kg of pure and viable seeds per hectare). The factorial treatments (2x2x4) were distributed in a split-plot design with four repetitions. The maize agronomic characteristics and the silage quality were evaluated. There was a high level of competition when associated with maize, piatã and eucalyptus. Aggressive piatã grass growth, with Carnevalli et al.; JEAI, 39(6): 1-9, 2019; Article no.JEAI.50010 2 light restriction by trees, have affected strongly the maize forage mass-produced, and consequently, reduced silage production. Regarding grain yield, the intercrop with ruziziensis grass was superior (210%) to the intercrop with piatã grass. It was mainly influenced by the low yield in the piatã grass intercropped under shade conditions. This pattern was different for ruziziensis because it was a less aggressive grass in terms of growth. For plantations with 0.90 m of spacing, there was a light restriction. The maize intercropped under the shade of trees must be done with lower growth rate grass to reduce competition and maintain the yield. Original Research Article
Silvopastoral systems can have animal welfare and sustainability benefits because trees continually remove carbon from atmosphere, reducing greenhouse effects. Thisstudy identified the most promising fruit trees for inclusion in silvopastoral systems to dairy cattle calves. This experiment was conducted at EmbrapaAgrossilvipastoril, Brazil, between 2014 and 2018. Five silvopastoral systems with fruit trees and ‘Tifton-85’ grass were designed to evaluate tree growth and light environment under the canopies. Data were analyzed using SAS® and PDIFF (P < 0.10). Caja fruit trees had the greatest tree height (5.4 m) and trunk diameter (23.4 cm), while acerola fruit tree had the smallest (1.8 m and 8.3 cm, respectively). At 42 months (drought 2017), caja, cashew, and guava trees had similar heights. Guava trees had the highest light interception (89.3%), both cashew cultivars provided medium levels of shade (50 to 60% LI) and with greater constancy between the rainy and dry seasons. The systems that showed increased light interception during the drought period were those with CCP76 in 2017 and EMB51 in 2018. Higher incidences of wavelengths of the spectral composition of light occurred between the rainfall (2015) and drought (2017) periods, and greater differences in the ratio of red:far red in 2015. By 2018, there were no more differences between the rainy and dry seasons for the spectral composition of light under the tree canopies. Cashews and guava trees have adequate growth and light environment to support silvopastoral systems but Caja and acerola fruit trees showed limitations.
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