OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between antibiotic prophylaxis and adverse perinatal outcomes in premature rupture of membranes. METHODS: This retrospective cohort included pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes (between 24 and 33+6 weeks) who used or did not use prophylactic antibiotics. Pearson's chi-square (χ²) test, Student's t-test, and binary logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: A significant effect was observed in patients with premature rupture of membranes using prophylactic antibiotics regarding amniotic fluid index (p=0.007), deepest vertical pocket (p=0.049), duration of antibiotic therapy (p≤0.001), C-reactive protein level upon admission (p≤0.001), leukocyte count upon admission (p=0.007), and length of stay in neonatal intensive care (p=0.047). A significant association was observed between the abovementioned patients and surfactant use during the neonatal period (p=0.04). A higher prevalence of surfactant use was noted in these patients (20.0 vs. 8.7%; p=0.04). CONCLUSION: No association was found between antibiotic prophylaxis and the presence of adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes between 24 and 33+6 weeks of gestation.
Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre uso profilático de antibióticos e rotura prematura de membranas (RPM) e resultados perinatais adversos. Métodos: Trata-se de uma coorte retrospectiva de mulheres grávidas com rotura prematura de membranas, que fizeram ou não uso profilático de antibióticos entre 24 e 33 semanas e 6 dias. Para a análise estatística, foram utilizados teste χ2, teste t de Student e regressão logística binária. Resultados: Houve efeito significativo do grupo com RPM em uso profilático de antibióticos sobre a medida do índice de líquido amniótico (ILA) (p=0,007), a medida do maior bolsão vertical (MBV) (p=0,049), o tempo de uso de antibiótico (p≤0,001), a proteína C reativa na internação (p≤0,001), o número de leucócitos na internação (p=0,007) e o tempo de internação em unidade terapia intensiva (UTI) neonatal (p=0,047). Observou-se associação significativa entre o grupo com RPM em uso profilático de antibióticos e o uso de surfactante durante o período neonatal (p=0,04). As pacientes que utilizaram antibióticos profiláticos apresentaram maior prevalência de uso de surfactante (20,0 vs. 8,7%, p=0,04). Conclusão: Não se observou associação entre uso profilático de antibióticos com presença de resultados perinatais adversos em gestantes com RPM entre 24 e 33 semanas e 6 dias.
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