SummaryThe mechanisms of the coordinated assembly and disassembly of the septin/myosin ring is central for the understanding of polar growth and cytokinesis in yeast and other organisms. The septin-and myosin-binding protein Bni5p provides a dual function during the formation and disassembly of septin/myosin rings. Early in the cell cycle, Bni5p captures Myo1p at the incipient bud site and actively transforms it into higher-order structures. Additionally, Bni5p stabilizes the septin/myosin ring and is released from the septins shortly before the onset of cytokinesis. If this Bni5p dissociation from the septins is artificially prevented, ring disassembly is impaired and the untimely appearance of septin/myosin ring is induced. The prematurely formed septin/myosin rings delay the establishment of a new polarity axis and the progression into a new cell cycle. This observation suggests a negative feedback between septin/myosin ring formation and polarity establishment that might help to guarantee the singular assembly of this structure and the synchronization of its formation with the cell cycle.

Background: Background:One-year fixed-duration venetoclax-obinutuzumab (Ven-Obi) has demonstrated significant improvement of progression-free survival (PFS) as compared to chlorambucil-obinutuzumab (Clb-Obi) in patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and coexisting conditions in the CLL14 trial. As high rates of undetectable minimal residual disease (uMRD) suggested deep remissions, long-term efficacy data including patients with high-risk disease is of particular interest.

Research provided evidence that personality traits influence the realization of implicit motives: Extraversion supported the successful realization of the implicit motives for affiliation and power, whereas introversion deflected implicit motives away from significant goals and created difficulties in goal attainment. Based on those findings on motive-trait interaction, we tested whether the traits of Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Extraversion affect the satisfaction of the implicit affiliation motive (i.e., the need for establishing and maintaining close relationships with other people) approximately 18 months later. Data on personality traits, the implicit affiliation motive, and need satisfaction were assessed from 244 Cameroonian and German adults. As expected, across cultural groups, Neuroticism constrains but Agreeableness supports the realization of the implicit affiliation motive. No significant results could be found for Extraversion, even if the effect was in the assumed direction. The findings support the argument that different significant personality components ought to be taken into account in research on implicit motives and their psychological and behavioral correlates.

Evidence of larger drug effects in highly standardized studies (efficacy) compared to clinical routine (effectiveness) is discussed as efficacy-effectiveness gap. This study aimed to quantify effect size differences of RCTs and non-RCTs in the treatment of depression with venlafaxine and duloxetine and to identify effect modifying predictors. Methods: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted, including all prospective trials, which evaluated the treatment effects of duloxetine or venlafaxine in patients with depression. The primary outcome was the pre-post effect size after acute therapy, which were compared between RCTs and non-RCTs.Moreover, an exploratory analysis of predictors in a mixed meta-regression model within an information-theoretic approach was performed. Results: 171 RCTs and 74 non-RCTs were included. The pre-post effect size differed significantly between RCTs and non-RCTs (−3.04 vs. −2.62, Δ = 0.41, p = 0.012, high heterogeneity). Study characteristics were very similar between RCTs and non-RCTs. Most important variables to predict effect sizes were 'depression severity', 'dose' and 'number of participants'. Conclusion: Despite differences in effect sizes between RCTs and non-RCTs, study design is not clearly an important predictor for the effect sizes. Our results question the common assumption that non-RCTs are generally better suited to describe a drug's effectiveness in clinical practice than RCTs. Future studies and their reporting should put more emphasis on the description of external validity, in order to allow better assessments of clinical relevance. K E Y W O R D Smeta-analysis, depression, psychopharmacology, antidepressives Summations• RCTs showed higher effect sizes than non-RCTs, but the two study designs were very similar in most study characteristics.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

ObjectivePrevious research has shown reduced interoceptive accuracy (IAcc) in depression. Attention deficit represents a key symptom of depression. Moreover, IAcc is positively correlated with attention. There is no study that investigates the effect of depression on IAcc and attention. The aim of this study is to examine the mediating effect of IAcc on depression and attention.MethodsThirty-six depressed patients from the Psychosomatic Clinic in Windach were matched with 36 healthy controls according to age and sex and were assessed at Ulm University. All participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the heartbeat perception task to examine IAcc, and the d2 test assessing selective attention.ResultsDepressed patients showed attention deficits—both for general visual attention and IAcc—compared to healthy controls. The mediation analyses revealed that the relationship between depression and attention is not mediated via IAcc. Furthermore, depression predicts IAcc and attention, but these effects are direct and largely unaffected by the respective other variable.DiscussionThe results of the present study highlight both interoceptive as well as attention deficits in depressed patients. No clear mediation between these variables could be shown in this study. More elaborative research is needed to clarify whether different approaches to improve IAcc are effective for these deficits in depressed patients and could therefore be of importance as an additional aspect of therapy in depression.

Background: Background:Minimal residual disease (MRD) is a key surrogate for the depth of remission of CLL. The highest rates of undetectable MRD have been observed with regimens using the BH3 mimetic venetoclax. In CLL14, most patients (pts) receiving venetoclax-obinutuzumab (Ven-Obi) had undetectable MRD (uMRD <10 -4 ) at the end of treatment (EoT). However, a subgroup of pts remained MRD positive, regardless of TP53 aberrations or unmutated IGHV status. The biological drivers of response or non-response have so far not been elucidated.