In this randomized study, the addition of CP mouth rinse to standard of care did not improve the frequency, duration or severity of the most common acute toxicities during and early after (chemo)radiation. There is currently no evidence supporting its standard use in daily practice.

No abstract

During summer in Brittany, France, sea farmed brown trout, Salmo trutta L., regularly experience a high mortality rate which is associated, at least in part, with cardiac disorders (aneurysms and infarcts). The present study is preliminary to a more extensive research programme, the objective of which is to determine to what extent the physiological performance of the cardiovascular system of brown trout is affected by the environmental conditions the fish experience in farm cages. We conducted a 2-week in situ experiment during which the heart rate of eight sea water acclimatized individuals was telemetered using acoustic tags. During the experimental period, water temperature ranged from 16.0 to 17.6°C. Water oxygen saturation was above 80% at all times and salinity was very high (35.5‰) but stable. Although they were unfed and not active, seven of out the eight tagged animals displayed near maximum heart beat frequencies, which ranged between 83 and 98 beats per minute (bpm). On the other hand, the eighth animal exhibited medium-range heart rates (50-70 bpm). Using phase delay maps, we established that the maximum heart rate of brown trout at 17°C was in the range of 96 -100 bpm. This result suggests that in our experimental conditions, the heart rate of most of our inactive fish was between 85 and 100% of maximum myocardial performance. We hypothesize that the cardiac failures observed in brown trout during summer are most likely a result of strenuous workloads imposed on the cardiovascular system by a combination of elevated temperature, high salinity and possibly season-related decreased hypo-osmoregulatory abilities.

No abstract

No abstract

At 14 C, standard metabolic rate (75·1 mg O 2 h 1 kg 1 ), routine metabolic rate (108·8 mg O 2 h 1 kg 1 ), active metabolic rate (c. 380 mg O 2 h 1 kg 1 ), critical swimming speed (U crit 1·7 BL s 1 ), heart rate 47 min 1 ), dorsal aortic pressure (3·2 kPa) and ventilation frequency (63 min 1 ) for triploid brown trout Salmo trutta were within the ranges reported for diploid brown trout and other salmonids at the same temperature. During prolonged swimming (c. 80% U crit ), cardiac output increased by 2·3-fold due to increases in heart rate (1·8-fold) and stroke volume (1·2-fold). At 18 C, although standard and routine metabolic rates, as well as resting heart rate and ventilation frequency increased significantly, active metabolic rate and certain cardiorespiratory variables during exercise did not differ from those values for fish acclimated to 14 C. As a result, factorial metabolic scope was reduced (2·93-fold at 18 C v. 5·13-fold at 14 C). Therefore, it is concluded that cardiorespiratory performance in triploid brown trout was not unusual at 18 C, but that reduced factorial metabolic scope may be a contributing factor to the mortality observed in triploid brown trout at temperatures near 18 C. 2002 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles

The maximum values for heart rate (f H ), stroke volume (V H ), cardiac output (Q) and myocardial power output, measured in vitro with a perfused heart preparation, as well as the isometric force-frequency relationship for atrial and ventricular muscle strips, in triploid brown trout Salmo trutta were all comparable with established information for diploid rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Therefore, it was concluded that triploidy is not associated with a major deficiency in maximum cardiac performance. However, a heightened sensitivity to ryanodine was discovered, which indicated an enhanced role for the sarcoplasmic reticulum in excitationcontraction coupling in these triploid fish. It is suspected that the enhanced role of the ryanodine receptor may be a cellular compensation related to larger cardiac myocytes. It was also clearly established that there was a plateau in maximum cardiac performance between 14 and 18 C and this plateau might be a contributing factor to the reduced factorial aerobic scope and increased fish mortality observed at 18 C. 2002 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles

No abstract