Cet article analyse les déterminants de la capacité d'un système productif sur le court terme, en partant du poste de travail pour aller jusqu'à une unité de production. Cette capacité, définie sur une période, est une variable aléatoire complexe dont la variance dépend de facteurs ne jouant pas de manière additive. Ces facteurs sont liés à des caractéristiques du système productif, des flux de commande et des procédures mobilisées. La compréhension des déterminants de la capacité est une première étape dans la définition de la capacité d'une chaîne logistique, fonction de la capacité des différents maillons et de la coordination entre les entités, dans le cadre de leurs relations client-fournisseur. ABSTRACT. This article analyzes capacity determinants of a production system on the short term, from a work station to a production unit. This capacity, defined on a period, is a complex random variable. Its variance depends on factors, which don't play in an additive manner. These factors are linked to production system characteristics, orders flows and mobilized procedures. The comprehension of capacity determinants is a first step in supply chain capacity definition, which is function of the different capacities of its links and of coordination between the entities, within the framework of their customer-supplier relations. MOTS-CLÉS : chaîne logistique, management des capacités, simulation de processus.
le cas des politiques calendaires de réapprovisionnement, chaque maillon dispose de deux types de stocks de sécurité lui permettant de faire face à ces différentes sources de fluctuations : des stocks de sécurité de composants produits à destination des maillons aval et des stocks de sécurité de composants approvisionnés en provenance des maillons amont. Les procédures mobilisées doivent tenir compte du cadre organisationnel des échanges de flux d'informations, la pertinence des règles de réapprovisionnement ou de lancement en production reposant sur celle des informations structurelles propagées le long de la chaîne logistique. ABSTRACT. In an upstream supply chain dedicated to the mass production of customized products, many sources of production and supply instability can be identified: the level and structure of the production of the final assembly line, the variability of lead times, the quality issues, packaging and loading constraints in transport, the anticipation of the demand, the synchronization of the flows of the components sent, received and produced. In the case of periodic replenishment policies, two different types of safety stocks are needed for every plant of the supply chain, which prevent from these various sources of fluctuations: safety stocks of produced components to face up to the demand of its downstream links and safety stocks of supplied components to face up to its production. The mobilized procedures must take into account the organizational framework of the exchanges of information and products. The relevance of the supply and production rules is based on the relevance of structural information broadcast along the supply chain.
La Sorbonne (University Paris 1) for 12 years. He is a specialist of operations management and control, project management and quantitative techniques applied to management. He has written several books and many articles dealing with those topics. Web site http://www.lamsade.dauphine.fr/~giard.In a supply chain designed for the production of goods of wide variety, the production schedule creates an ordered list of all the alternate components that will be mounted on a same post of the chain. The supply of these components by the supplier may induce transportation-related constraints. There from systematically follows a time-gap between orders and deliveries. This mechanism, commonly called "rank-change", may be analyzed with the help of the multinomial distribution associated to these alternate components; only a simulation approach has relevance as of that matter, for an analytic approach is not possible. Such an analysis allows assessing the importance of the need to form safety stocks because of the lot sizing, even though requirements are certain. Giard V. (2003), Gestion de la production et des flux, Economica, Paris, 3 rd ed. Giard V., Danjou F., Boctor F. (2001a), Rank-changes in production/assembly lines: impact and analysis, Actes du 4 ème Congrès International de Génie Industriel, Marseille, pp. 259-269.
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